Patients with the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome, thymic and parathyroid aplasia or hypoplasia, have a very high incidence of aortic arch anomalies and congenital heart disease. These patients present with a unique syndrome characterized by profound hypocalcemia, defective thymic-mediated cellular immune function, and cardiovascular anomalies. The cardiac abnormalities most frequent...

An increasing number of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are reaching older age. We encountered a 75-year-old woman with uncorrected TOF and concomitant severe coronary artery disease (CAD) with congestive heart failure. Her CAD risk factor was hyperlipidemia, which had been untreated. Successful percutaneous coronary interventions have improved her clinical condition and provided long-t...

Echocardiography has greatly influenced the catheterization laboratory patient profile. The remarkable diagnostic precision of this tool has essentially eliminated the need for preoperative diagnostic catheterization in many of the common congenital lesions, such as tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, and endocardial cushion defects , . On the other hand, echocardiogra...

Patients with the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome, thymic and parathyroid aplasia or hypoplasia, have a very high incidence of aortic arch anomalies and congenital heart disease. These patients present with a unique syndrome characterized by profound hypocalcemia, defective thymic-mediated cellular immune function, and cardiovascular anomalies. The cardiac abnormalities most frequent...

UNLABELLED Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) can be challenging for clinicians to both diagnose and treat, given the multiple heart defects that are by definition associated with the illness. This study investigates the value of real-time three- dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in evaluating the pre-and postoperative right ventricular systolic function of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. A total...

Cardiomyopathy is rare in the pediatric age group, with an annual incidence of only 6 to 12 cases per million children.1–3 In addition to the genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies, heart failure in children also occurs as a complication of congenital cardiac anomalies, ranging from hypoplastic left heart syndrome to tetralogy of Fallot. In the registry of the International Society of Heart and ...

A 20-week fetus was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot and multicystic kidneys. The postmortem study showed missing müllerian structures with small streak ovaries, external male genitalia, and an abnormal cloacal septation (imperforate anus with a sigmoid colon opening in the bladder). As the observed anomalies were related with septation, a mechanism related with the activation of specific gro...

BACKGROUND The cardiovascular system is the part of the fetal anatomy that most frequently suffers from congenital pathology. This study shows our preliminary experience with fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to evaluate congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. METHODS Between January 2006 and June 2011, Prenatal routine obstetric ultrasound (US), echocardiography and CMR data fro...