Most studies examining episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on patients' impaired ability to remember information, leading to poor discrimination between studied and unstudied items at test. Poor discrimination, however, can also be attributable to an abnormally high rate of false alarms. One cause of a high false alarm rate is an abnormally liberal response bias; that is, r...

background according to recent theories on addiction, attentional bias towards drug-related stimuli plays a pivotal role in the initiation of drug abuse. objectives the present study attempted to investigate attentional bias towards drug-related words in addicts and non-addicts. patients and methods to attain the objectives, following a causal-comparative study, a number of 15 addicts under tre...

There are methodological complexities with the supraliminal-lexical versions of the modified versions of the Stroop tests that could be responsible for inconsistencies across the literature (Field & Cox, 2008). We tested whether a combination of subliminal-pictorial and classic Stroop tests can differentiate between dieters' and nondieters' food attentional bias (FAB). Participants were dieters...

Many empirical studies have shown how technological change, organisational change and globalisation can be alternatively (or jointly) seen as causes for skill bias. In this paper, first the empirical literature on these issues is discussed and compared and then some evidence on the G-7 countries showing a clear upskilling trend in manufacturing industries over the ‘80s – is presented. Then an i...

We developed a new analytic proof and conducted Monte Carlo simulations to assess the effects of methodological and statistical artifacts on the relative accuracy of intercept- and slope-based test bias assessment. The main simulation design included 3,185,000 unique combinations of a wide range of values for true intercept- and slope-based test bias, total sample size, proportion of minority g...

The study of the innovative output of firms often relies on a count of patents filed at one single office of reference such as the European Patent Office (EPO). Yet, not all firms file their patents at the EPO, raising the specter of a selection bias. Using a novel dataset of the whole population of patents by Belgian firms, we show that the singleoffice count results in a selection bias that a...

Tape ball grid array (TBGA) rather than the traditional BGA, can provide a more flexible, light weight and fine pitch interconnection method to the electronic industry. In this study, two different designs of TBGA, buss-out and buss-in, were used thought-out this investigation. Moreover, for those samples were then further sub-divided, one with hot deionized (DI) rinsing after solder resist dev...

BACKGROUND Networks of trials assessing several treatment options available for the same condition are increasingly considered. Randomized trial evidence may be missing because of reporting bias. We propose a test for reporting bias in trial networks. METHODS We test whether there is an excess of trials with statistically significant results across a network of trials. The observed number of ...

objective(s): diagnostic nuclear medicine is being increasingly employed in clinical practice with the advent of new technologies and radiopharmaceuticals. the report of the prevalence of a certain disease is important for assessing the quality of that article. therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of published nuclear medicine articles and determine the frequency of repor...