Protocols for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination generally are able to identify when a source of contamination is present, but thus far have been unable to evaluate what portion of fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB) came from various sources. A mathematical approach to estimate relative amounts of FIB, such as Escherichia coli, from various sources based on the concentration and distr...

Mixed fruit tree and vegetable (MFV) farms correspond to the joint production of trees crops. In temperate regions, this emerging farming system is a potentially attractive land use foster diversification agricultural systems. However, these systems combine two productive labor-intensive enterprises (orchard market gardening) in practice, feasibility depends on availability need for labor. Long...

Abstract Poor rural water quality is a health challenge in Fiji. A mixed-methods study six iTaukei (Indigenous Fijian) villages was conducted to understand local perceptions of drinking access and quality, how this changes source choices, impacts age gender. Seventy-two household surveys, 30 key informant interviews (KIIs) 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Household surveys reve...

The introduction of the euro has revived interest in the risk of nickel allergy due to the handling of coins. In the present work, the transfer of metallic contamination during the manipulation of coins is examined by means of leaching experiments and manipulation tests. It is shown that pre-existing metallic species present on the surface of the coins are the major source of contamination duri...

PURPOSE To evaluate the contamination index of metals and pesticides in pregnant women, and to relate this to perinatal outcomes. METHODS Descriptive, retrospective, exploratory study, developed from existing secondary data analyses at Level III maternity center. A total of 40 mothers with their newborns (NB), living in a rural area in Botucatu- Brazil and surrounding region. Blood samples fr...

background; foods have been many changes from production to tables and continuous control is necessary to maintain food safety and supply foods with good quality. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of some foods with high consumption in zanjan city during the 5 years from 2009 to 2013. methods; in a case-control descriptive study with an annually control program during 5 years fr...

there are many evidences that human serum paraoxonase activity modifies plasma lipid profile and paraoxonase has an antiatherogenic property. non-selective beta-blockers affect plasma lipid profile too, but they have atherogenic property when patients take these drugs in long term. in this study the effect of propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, on paraoxonase activity was investigated. l...