this study aimed to investigate the effect of animal grazing on soil seed bank characteristics in the northern slopes of alborz. for this purpose, soil seed bank characteristics were compared between grazed and ungrazed areas. therefore, four transects perpendicular to the sides of exclosure inside and outside of it were established. then soil samples were collected within 28 plots inside and 2...

Watershed management practices (WMP) are widely used in catchments as a measure to reduce soil erosion and sediment-related problems. We paired catchment the Gonbad region of Hamadan province, Iran, evaluate sediment yield response watershed by employing concept connectivity (SC). To do this, SC index representation was firstly simulated for control that there is no WMP. In next step, impacted ...

the range conditions explain its health as a management tool. obviously, theimplementation of this important assessment requires the most appropriate study methodfor each region. in order to select the most appropriate methods of range conditions inkabirkooh grasslands of zagros in iran, five estimation methods (i.e. six-factor, fourfactor,vegetation and soil combination, value of pasture and c...

Exclosure studies have been used to great advantage in the Hawaiian Islands to evaluate and demonstrate impacts of alien vertebrate herbivores upon native vegetation. Information presented for 50 exclosures, mostly on Hawaii and Maui, shows a wide range of vegetation responses. In most situations, native biota hold their own or increase following removal of vertebrate damage, but the chance of ...

Aboveground herbivores have strong effects on grassland nitrogen (N) cycling. They can accelerate or slow down soil net N mineralization depending on ecosystem productivity and grazing intensity. Yet, most studies only consider either ungulates or invertebrate herbivores, but not the combined effect of several functionally different vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore species or guilds. We as...

BIOTIC INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING SHRUB ESTABLISHMENT ON AN ATLANTIC COAST BARRIER ISLAND. Elucidating mechanisms influencing the establishment of woody species is essential for understanding community dynamics and successional processes on barrier islands. The relative intensity of facilitation and inhibition of grasses on seedling establishment of two woody species common to Atlantic Coast barr...

1. Grazing by large ungulates may affect plant species richness and diversity at multiple spatial and ⁄or temporal scales, because grazing affects small-scale resource heterogeneity and plant interactions at the local scale, while effects at the landscape scale are related to grazing intensity and timing. 2. We used diversity partitioning to analyse longand short-term effects of cattle grazing ...