We look at a contrasting picture where some piece of functional/semantic information, namely tense, may be deened morphologically by tense innection, or else compositionally in syntax (in conjunction with innection on syntactic items). The question that is at issue is how to represent analytic tense formation to obtain a uniform functional structure for analytic and synthetic tense formation. S...

We present a new compositional tense-aspect deindexing mechanism that makes use of tense trees as components of discourse contexts. The mechanism allows reference episodes to be correctly identified even for embedded clauses and for discourse that involves shifts in temporal perspective, and permits deindexed logical forms to be automatically computed with a small number of deindexing rules. 1 ...

Subjects read and recalled a series of five short stories in one of four plot and style combinations. The stories were written in one of two styles that consisted of opposing clause orders (i.e., independent-dependent vs. dependent-independent), tense forms (i.e., past vs. present), and descriptor forms (modifier modifier vs. modifier as a noun). The subjects incorporated both plot and style ch...

the paper aims at describing verbal tense system in the dialect of adkan, a village in khorasan-e shomali province in the northeast of iran. it seems that this dialect is one of the tati dialects in the area. since the main objective was to collect the oldest dialect, the data was gathered by interviewing some educated and uneducated old and middle-aged speakers. this study which is the first s...

1 The proposal In many languages, children around the age of 2 make certain systematic errors in their verbal forms. They produce both non-finite root forms (NRFs) and finite forms in contexts where finite forms are required in the adult language. This is often referred to as the “optional infinitive (OI) stage” (Wexler 1994, 1998). For example, young children acquiring French as their native l...

The current work investigated whether differences in phonological overlap between the past- and present-tense forms of regular and irregular verbs can account for the graded neurophysiological effects of verb regularity observed in past-tense priming designs. Event-related potentials were recorded from sixteen healthy participants who performed a lexical-decision task in which past-tense primes...

The relationship between children's language acquisition and their nonverbal intelligence has a long tradition of scientific inquiry. Current attention focuses on the use of nonverbal IQ level as an exclusionary criterion in the definition of specific language impairment (SLI). Grammatical tense deficits are known as a clinical marker of SLI, but the relationship with nonverbal intelligence bel...

The Declarative/Procedural Model of Pinker, Ullman and colleagues claims that the basal ganglia are part of a fronto-striatal procedural memory system which applies grammatical rules to combine morphemes (the smallest meaningful units in language) into complex words (e.g. talk-ed, talk-ing). We tested this claim by investigating whether striatal damage or loss of its dopaminergic innervation is...

The morphosyntactic categories of tense, aspect and mood are traditionally considered to be properties of verbs. However, the morphological expression of these categories within the nominal system is attested across a range of languages. Drawing on data from a number of languages, we provide a preliminary sketch of the phenomenon of nominal tense with nominal scope that is, cases in which nomin...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of deductive instruction of grammar with input enhancement and without using input enhancement. It also explored the effectiveness of inductive instruction of grammar with input enhancement and without input enhancement among Iranian EFL learners. The participants were female intermediate-level students who were studying English a...