Background Foot morphology has received increasing attention from both biomechanics researches and footwear manufacturers. Usually, the morphology of the foot is quantified by 2D footprints. However, footprint quantification ignores the foot's vertical dimension and hence, does not allow accurate quantification of complex 3D foot shape. Methods The shape variation of healthy 3D feet in a popu...

Basal joint osteoarthritis (OA) of the thumb is a common, debilitating disease that can have a significant adverse effect on hand function. When conservative therapies, including NSAIDS, corticosteroid injection, splinting, and thenar muscle strengthening exercises, are ineffective, operative therapies such as simple trapeziectomy and trapeziectomy with interposition of tendon and/or muscle are...

IntroductIon The muscle mass of the pectoral region exhibits a variety of variations in the form of anomalous slips. The pectoralis major muscle is a thick triangular muscle that usually arises from the medial half of the clavicle, the sternum, and the first six costal cartilages. These three heads, the clavicular, the sternocostal and the abdominal, combine to form a tendon that inserts into t...

Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the muscles of the first dorsal compartments of the wrist is clinically relevant to De Quervain's tenosynovitis and to reconstructive surgeries. In the literature, there are many reports of the presence of multiple insertion tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, but few reports describe occurrences of fusion and muscle contributions. Thi...

Movements of the thumb are carried out by extrinsic and intrinsic muscles and have immense phylogenetic and evolutionary significance. The number, length, and thickness of APL accessory tendons may have a functional role in the etiology of DeQuervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis. Thus, precise knowledge of the variations in this region is important for hand surgeons. Additionally, these tendons ma...

This study was performed to investigate the anatomy and variations of the human extensor tendons of the fingers and their intertendinous connections. Ninetyfive upper limbs of adult cadavers were dissected. The variations in the extensor tendons of the fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum, and their mode of insertion were observed. Also, the intertendinous connections w...

Tendon rupture in dogs is generally the result of a direct trauma. This report described the use of adjacent muscle autogenic fascial graft for reconstruction of distal rupture of long digital extensor tendon in a dog. A two-year-old male mix breed dog, was presented with a non-weight bearing lameness of the right hind limb and a deep rupture of lateral side of right tarsus. History taking reve...

background clinical tendon injuries represent serious and unresolved issues of the case on how the injured tendons could be improved based on natural structure and mechanical strength. the aim of this studies the effect of aquatic activities and alogenic platelet rich plasma (prp) injection in healing achilles tendons of rats. methods forty rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. sevent...

conclusions roll stitch technique had superior outcome compared to the modified kessler technique, when performed in the mcpj area. level of evidence: therapeutic (level iii) background proper suturing technique is needed to ensure good outcome in extensor tendon surgery. different techniques have been reported for the repair of extensor tendon injuries at the level of the metacarpophalangeal j...