INTRODUCTION Bell's palsy causes lagophthalmos of the involved eyelids. Secondary to the atonicity of the eyelids, xerophthalmia, conjunctivitis and epiphora develops. There are dynamic (muscle transfers) and static (gold weights, tarsorrhaphy) approaches to alleviate these problems. The GOALS of this study are to present a technical note for a surgical method for lengthening the retracted uppe...

OBJECT Decompressive craniectomy plays an important role in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Risks of decompressive craniectomy include those associated with cranioplasty, and may be related to adhesions that develop between the brain surface and overlying scalp and temporalis muscle. The authors report their institutional experience using a multilayered ...

Abstract
 Introduction
 Tympanoplasty is a surgical method, to eradicate middle ear infection and improve its function. In tympanoplasty graft can be by overlay or underlay technique. technique the material placed either medial lateral handle of malleus.
 Objective: To compare outcome surgery when temporalis fascia malleus, in terms complete take up hearing improvement after surg...

Otogenic pneumocephalus is a condition of intracranial air originating from the middle ear or mastoid air cells. This communication between the intracranial cavity and the pneumatic cavities is usually associated with trauma after cranial fractures or iatrogenic trauma. We present a rare case of otogenic pneumocephalus arising in the left posterior fossa from wellpneumatized mastoid air cells. ...

The evidence for sagittal cresting, and more generally the position of the temporal lines is reviewed in the South African australopithecine sample. The position of the lines is dependent on both the allometric relation of the masticatory apparatus to cranial size and on individual variation. In the Swartkrans specimens, with generally bigger body size, the influence of allometry predominates, ...