Several studies have examined trends in mean temperatures in the Australian (e.g. Coughlan 1979; Torok and Nicholls 1996), New Zealand (e.g. Salinger 1995) and southwest Pacific (e.g. Salinger 1995) regions. In recent years additional papers have also investigated temporal trends in temperature extremes and, in a few cases, temperature variability (e.g. Collins et al. 2000; Manton et al. 2001; ...

We consider statistical inference of trends in mean non-stationary models. A test statistic is proposed for the existence of structural breaks in trends. Based on a strong invariance principle of stationary processes, we construct simultaneous confidence bands with asymptotically correct nominal coverage probabilities. The results are applied to global warming temperature data and Nile river fl...

in this study, long-term trends and abrupt changes of hydro-climatic variables was investigated in the observed period 1971-2000 for aidoghmoush basin using mann-kendall nonparametric test and cumulative curve of climatic variables-runoff, respectively. results show decrease trends for rainfall and runoff and increase trend for temperature by the mann-kendall test with a confidence level of 99%...

In this paper trends of precipitation and stream flow are analyzed in the Atrak River basin in the North Khorasan province. Normal score linear regression, Mann-Kendall, and Seasonal Kendall trend tests were adopted. Three precipitation variables and two stream flow variables including total precipitation, maximum daily precipitation, and number of rainy days, mean discharge and peak discharge ...

Evaporated ZnS:Mn alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent ~ACTFEL! devices are assessed via frequencyand temperature-dependent transferred charge analysis. The frequency-dependent trends involve the threshold voltage and the slope of the transferred charge immediately above threshold, both of which increase with increasing frequency. At ;15–20 V above threshold, the slope of the transf...

The sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere sea ice cover to global temperature change is examined in a group of climate models and in the satellite-era observations. The models are found to have well-defined, distinguishable sensitivities in climate change experiments. The satellite-era observations show a larger sensitivity— a larger decline per degree of warming—than any of the models. To evaluat...

Thomas M. Smith et al . ("how accurate are climate simulations?", Perspectives, 19 April, p. 483) suggest that today's climate models simulate the climate history of Earth over the past 150 years "within the observed uncertainty of the observations." In comparing model results with trends in sea surface temperature in several ocean basins, they estimate the uncertainty in model output arising f...

[1] In this paper, we examine the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere and elucidate the key role of ozone changes in driving temperature trends in this region. We use a radiative fixed dynamical heating model to show that the effects of tropical ozone decreases at 70 hPa and lower pressures can lead to significant cooling not only at stratospheric levels, but also in the ‘‘sub-str...

A Chow test for structural breaks in the surface temperature series is used to investigate two common claims about global warming. Quirk (2009) proposed that the increase in Australian temperature from 1910 to the present was largely confined to a regime-shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between 1976 and 1979. The test finds a step change in both Australian and global temperature t...

[1] Quantifying temperature trends across multiple decades in Alaska is an essential component for informing policy on climate change in the region. However, Alaska’s climate is governed by a complex set of drivers operating at various spatial and temporal scales, which we posit should result in a sensitivity of trend estimates to the selection of reference start and end dates as well as the ch...