Abstract In this paper, a finite element (FE) model is developed to investigate lattice hydrogen diffusion in solid metal under the influence of stress and temperature gradients. This applied plate with circular hole which subjected concentration It demonstrated that gradients significantly hence susceptibility embrittlement when utilizing for gas turbines.

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the tropical Pacific Ocean exert powerful controls on regional and global climates. Previous studies have suggested that during warm climate phases, east-west temperature gradient collapsed. To date, there has been no high-resolution reconstruction sea conditions in both east west Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) across middle transition (MMCT); therefore, our un...

Accurate measurement of soil temperature gradients is important for the estimation of soil heat flux and latent heat flux, both major components of the surface energy balance. Soil temperature gradients are commonly measured using heat-pulse sensors equipped with thermistors. In this study, individual thermistors showed absolute temperature differences on the order of 0.2°C when placed under un...