Initially, the treatment of haematological malignancies predominantly made use of the antimetabolites (methotrexate, hydroxyurea) or alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, busulphan) that achieved a normalization of the white blood cells count but were associated with serious side effects (such as marrow aplasia). The introduction of a-interferon (IFN-a) in the early 1980s contributed to an incre...

The members of the Herpesvirales containing more than 130 different herpesviruses have already been isolated from all animal species representing the higher steps of evolution. According to our knowledge, eight herpesviruses are classified as human herpesviruses: Herpes simplex virus 1 (Human herpesvirus 1, HHV-1), Herpes simplex virus 2 (Human herpesvirus 2, HHV-2), Varicella-zoster virus (Hum...

The autoimmune attack on pancreatic β-cells is orchestrated by a variety of cells that produce cytokines and other toxic mediators. CD8+ T-cells work together with other lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells to mediate this damage and have been shown in animal models to be important both in the early stages of diabetes development and in the final effector stages. Recently, there has also be...

Digre, A. 2017. Implications of Heparan Sulfate and Heparanase in Inflammatory Diseases. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1303. 68 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9828-3. Heparan sulfate (HS), an unbranched sulfated carbohydrate chain, and the HS-degrading enzyme heparanase play important roles in physiological an...

BACKGROUND COPD is a major global health problem affecting 4-10% of Indian adult male population. Immunological processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. As compared to healthy smokers, COPD patients have airway inflammation indicated by the presence of CD8+ T cells in the lung. This predominant increase in CD8+ T cells in the lung may be reflected in the peripheral blood. In ...

PD-1 (Programmed Death-1) has been classified as a marker of T-cell exhaustion, however, several recent studies suggest that most PD-1 high T-cells are highly proliferative effector memory cells that maintain effector function during chronic infection.Furthermore, activation of PD-1 on T-cells is thought to inhibit antigen-specific T-cell priming and regulate T-cell differentiation. Thus, we so...

Clinical studies have indicated that in malignant surveillances fluctuations in the population of certain effector T-cell repertoire become suppressed. Motivated by such observations and in an attempt to quantify adaptive human response to pathogens, we define an immune response function (IMRF) in terms of mean square fluctuations of T-cell concentrations. We employ a recently developed kinetic...

INTRODUCTION Establishing national population haematological and immunological reference ranges are essential for clinical management of patients. However, there is scarcity of information on community based haematological reference ranges established from Ethiopian population. Therefore, this study aimed at determining haematological and CD4+ T cells reference ranges in healthy adults from Eas...

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with hematologic malignancies and nonmalignant disorders of hematopoiesis. Outcomes of allogeneic HSCT have improved steadily over the decades [1]. However, significant challenges remain. One of these challenges is the so-called Holy Grail of stem cell transplantation immunology: to...

Background: The autoimmune regulator gene ( AIRE ) has very important role in self-tolerance. Estrogen induced hypermethylation of promoter was put forward as one the reasons for susceptibility to autoimmunity females. [1] Sulphasalazine is a commonly used drug rheumatology and known be responsible various side effects. Objectives: We aimed investigate effects treatments on methylation status l...