Four toxin complexes, Tca, Tcb, Tcc and Tcd from the culture broth of Photorhabdus luminescens have been puri®ed and the four toxin complex encoding loci, tca, tcb, tcc and tcd, cloned. Genetic knockout of either tca or tcd reduced oral toxicity to Manduca sexta, and knockout of both loci eliminated activity. Puri®ed Tca speci®cally affected the insect midgut, despite its putative normal delive...

Background T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are potent engagers, harboring a 2+1 format with one binder to the CD3ε chain and two binders specific tumor antigens. Crosslinking of CD3 antigens triggers activation proliferation, cytokine release killing. TCB treatment is sometimes associated safety liabilities due on-target on-tumor or off-tumor cytotoxicity release. Off-tumor activity may occ...

Using data from a randomised experiment in Kenya, we estimate the causal effect of social networks on technology adoption. In this experiment, farmers were invited to information sessions about use Tissue Culture Banana (TCB), an vitro banana cultivation technology. We find that additional connection with treated farmer causes untreated be 2.25 pp more likely adopt TCB 6-18 months post-interven...

We propose an architecture that allows code to execute in complete isolation from other software while trusting only a tiny software base that is orders of magnitude smaller than even minimalist virtual machine monitors. Our technique also enables more meaningful attestation than previous proposals, since only measurements of the security-sensitive portions of an application need to be included...

BACKGROUND Mothers are frequently the first to observe the onset of jaundice in their newborn infants before the decision to seek treatment. However, simple-to-use tools that could facilitate early detection of jaundice and assist mothers to seek professional care, especially after hospital discharge, are rare. This study therefore, set out to evaluate the performance of a -two-color icteromete...

The OS (operating system) is the primary target of todays attacks. A single exploitable defect can be sufficient to break the security of the system and give fully control over all the software on the machine. Because current operating systems are too large to be defect free, the best approach to improve the system security is to reduce their code to more manageable levels. This work shows how ...

background: this study was performed to find out whether transcutaneous bilirubinometry could be a valid screening method for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants, especially for those who needed mechanical ventilation. methods: we evaluated 63 preterm iranian newborns who were managed in the neonatal intensive care unit of shahidbeheshti university hospital, isfahan, iran from april 2009 to a...

Postoperative pain is a critical problem in clinical pain administration. Due to the unclear formation mechanism of postoperative pain, the treatment of postoperative pain is still in the symptomatic treatment stage and lacking satisfactory analgesic effect. Postoperative pain can be simulated by using a rat incision pain model. We observed changes in pain-related behavior of rats affected by t...

OBJECTIVE Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at greater risk of developing bilirubin-associated brain damage compared with term infants. Certainly, phototherapy, if used appropriately, is capable of controlling the bilirubin levels in LBW infants; but there is not a unique phototherapy treatment strategy in LBW infants. This study was designed to compare the prophylactic phototherap...