نتایج جستجو برای: tb and hiv
تعداد نتایج: 16883277 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Globally, the number of deaths associated with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection remains unacceptably high. We review the evidence around the impact of strengthening the HIV treatment cascade in TB patients and explore recent findings about how best to deliver integrated TB/HIV services. RECENT FINDINGS There is clear evidence that the timely provision of antiretroviral ...
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of TB patients on ART in Ethiopia, their mortality remains high. This study reports the effect of TB on HIV related mortality and determinants of TB/HIV co-infection related mortality. METHODS A longitudinal study design was employed as part of the Advanced Clinical Monitoring of ART (ACM) in Ethiopia. All patients started on ART at or after January 1, 2005...
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, with an estimated 1.4 million patients worldwide. Co-infection with HIV leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess treatment outcomes of a cohort of smear positive TB-HIV co-infected patients over a five-...
BACKGROUND Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA load, CD4 cell count, breast-feeding, antiretroviral use, and malaria are well-established factors associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV; the role of maternal tuberculosis (TB), however, has not been well established. METHODS The study population was 783 HIV-infected Indian mother-infant pair participants in rando...
BACKGROUND Limited data exists to inform contact tracing guidelines in children and HIV-affected populations. We evaluated the yield and additionality of household contact and source case investigations in Swaziland, a TB/HIV high-burden setting, while prioritizing identification of childhood TB. METHODS In partnership with 7 local TB clinics, we implemented standardized contact tracing of in...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been shown to result in increased HIV replication and disease progression in HIV-infected individuals through increased immune activation. The objective of this study was to correlate plasma levels of immune activation markers with the presence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and to study the change...
17 the impact that hiv has on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (tb) is clear. It is one of the most important risk factors associated with an increased risk of latent tb infection (ltbi) progressing to active tb disease. hiv-infected people have an annual risk of 5% to 15% of developing active tb once infected (Rieder, 1999). tb is the most common opportunistic infection in people living with h...
In sub-Saharan Africa, where the emergence of HIV has caused dramatic increases in tuberculosis (TB) case notifications, new strategies for TB control are necessary. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for HIV-TB coinfected individuals reduces the reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and is being evaluated as a potential community-wide strategy for improving TB control. W...
In this article, a mathematical model to study the dynamics ofHIV-TB co-infection with two time delays is proposed and analyzed.We compute basic reproduction number for each disease (HIV andTB) which acts as threshold parameters. The dies out whenthe of both diseases are less than unityand persists when atleast one thedisease greater unity. A numerical on alsoperformed investigate influence cer...
The research on tuberculosis (TB) comorbid with human immunodeficiency virus infections (HIV/ TB), for which this prize was awarded, began with the author’s experience with Japan’s first HIV/ TB case in 1992. In 1997, the clinical characteristics of six HIV/TB cases were presented in the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases. In 2001, the author published a paper in Kekkaku on the anti-HIV anti...
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