BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common bacterial infections in women of all ages but the incidence increases with older age. Despite the fact that UTI is a common problem it is still poorly investigated regarding its connection with experienced health and morale. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a diagnosed, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) ...

OBJECTIVE to describe morale among the oldest old, and to investigate which social, functional and medical factors are associated with morale in this population. DESIGN a cross-sectional study. SETTING a population-based study in the municipality of Umeå, a city in Northern Sweden. SUBJECTS half of the 85-year-old population, and the total population of 90-year-olds and > or = 95-year-old...

A set of direct and indirect factors that affect the changing trends main indicators its functioning determine key vectors state policy define pace country’s economic development. At present stage development, along with objective influencing behavior entities, great importance are subjective, determined by age, psychological, religious, other individual characteristics individual’s perception ...

This cross-sectional study compares morale among dental students at five western U.S. dental schools, relates morale to various aspects of the school environment, and determines a prioritized list of the most important aspects of dental education from the students' perspective. Survey data were collected from students at the end of their first, second, and third years. Respondents answered seve...

Taxpayers often view tax rules and filing processes as complicated. In this paper I study whether the perceived uncertainty among peers leads to a reduction of voluntary compliance. find strong supportive evidence for hypothesis using survey experiment large representative sample German population. Providing randomized information that others are uncertain about how file their taxable income de...

This paper models employment relationship as a repeated principal-agent problem with private evaluation. The efficient contracts exhibit correlated movements between lagged wage and current effort that are consistent with the positive feedback between pay and morale in practice. Low morale therefore is an integral part of a well-functioning relationship. (JEL: C73, D82, J41, L14 )

Doctors in the United Kingdom have recently been confronted by rapid changes in their clinical and professional practice over which individual doctors have had little or no control. These factors have ranged from the disastrous attempt to implement a new system for appointing junior doctors, radical redesign of health care delivery and increasing political interference in the regulation of doct...