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This paper analyses the structural changes in education sector since the introduction of liberalization policy in India. This paper explains how the so-called non-profit trusts and societies appropriated the liberalization policy and enhanced themselves as new capitalist class in higher education sector. Over the decades, the policy witnessed the role of private sector in terms of maintaining m...

This paper presents an overtly theological critique of the governmental regulation of the international transfer pricing activities of multi-national enterprises. In the transfer-pricing arena, it is known that MNEs transfer substantial values across national borders. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development developed a set of Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enter...

Background Many people suggest that a market-based compliance mechanism is a critical part for the overall Green House Gases (GHGs) emission reduction strategy. The Global Warming Solution Act [AB 32] authorizes the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to adopt market-based compliance mechanisms. The Market Advisory Committee (MAC) of national and international experts convened per the Executiv...

The concept of spatial justice connects social justice to space (Harvey 1973; Lefebvre 1992 and Soja 2010). As Soja (2010) argues, justice has a geography. Spatial justice seeks more equitable distribution of resources in a world where societies are inherently unjust. In theory, many urban design and place-making projects aim to create a more spatially— just city. That is, until such projects c...

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is a very powerful court compared to other international courts and even national courts of last resort. Observers almost unanimously agree that it is the preliminary references procedure that made the ECJ the powerful court it is today. In this paper, we analyze the determinants that lead national courts to use the procedure. We add to previous studies by co...