We consider software development as an economic activity, where goods and services can be modeled as a resource constrained task allocation problem. This paper introduces a market based mechanism to overcome task allocation issues in a software development process. It proposes a mechanism with a prescribed set of rules, where valuation is based on the behaviors of stakeholders such as biding fo...

In this experiment we examined the effects of task and ego involvement on three measures of moral behavior--prosocial choice, observed prosocial behavior, and observed antisocial behavior--in a competitive setting. We also investigated sex differences in moral behavior. Male (n = 48) and female (n = 48) college students were randomly assigned to a task-involving, an ego-involving, or a control ...

Domestic animals are highly capable of detecting human cues, while wild relatives tend to perform less well (e.g., responding to pointing gestures). It is suggested that domestication may have led to the development of such cognitive skills. Here, we hypothesized that because domestic animals are so attentive and dependant to humans' actions for resources, the counter effect may be a decline of...

This work handles the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem where only a small number of demonstrations are available from a demonstrator for each highdimensional task, insufficient to estimate an accurate reward function. Observing that each demonstrator has an inherent reward for each state and the task-specific behaviors mainly depend on a small number of key states, we propose a meta...

This paper advocates a developmental approach to building complex interactive behaviors for robotic systems. A developmental methodology is advantageous because it provides a structured decomposition of complex tasks, because it facilitates learning, and because it allows for a gradual increase in task complexity. The developmental approach provides a structured means both of dividing a task am...

24 In this cross-sectional study, we examined a mediational model whereby transformational 25 leadership is related to task cohesion via sacrifice. Participants were 381 American (Mage = 26 19.87, SD = 1.41) Division I university athletes (188 males, 193 females) who competed in a 27 variety of sports. Participants completed measures of coach transformational leadership, 28 personal and teammat...

24 In this cross-sectional study, we examined a mediational model whereby transformational 25 leadership is related to task cohesion via sacrifice. Participants were 381 American (Mage = 26 19.87, SD = 1.41) Division I university athletes (188 males, 193 females) who competed in a 27 variety of sports. Participants completed measures of coach transformational leadership, 28 personal and teammat...

We compared the effects of direct and indirect reinforcement contingencies on the performance of 6 individuals with profound developmental disabilities. Under both contingencies, completion of identical tasks (opening one of several types of containers) produced access to identical reinforcers. Under the direct contingency, the reinforcer was placed inside the container to be opened; under the ...

In a robotic soccer team, goalkeeper is an important challenging role, which has different characteristics from the other teammates. This paper proposes a new learning-based behavior model for a soccer goalkeeper robot by using Petri nets. The model focuses on modeling and analyzing, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for the goalkeeper role so that we have a model-based knowledge of the ta...

The actualization of affordances can often be accomplished in numerous, equifinal ways. For instance, an individual could discard an item in a rubbish bin by walking over and dropping it, or by throwing it from a distance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the behavioral dynamics associated with such metastability using a ball-to-bin transportation task. Using time-interval betwee...