Murine natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to inhibit the growth of the yeastlike organism Cryptococcus neoformans both in vivo and in vitro. An essential first step in NK cell-mediated damage of cryptococcal cells is the binding of the NK cell to the cryptococcal cell. The studies presented here focused on the binding event. Electron photomicrographs and three-dimensional reconstructions...

background and objective: escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging pathogen, causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the goal of this study was to evaluate the conjugate of e. coli o157: h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps) with diphtheria toxoid (dt) as a candidate vaccine in mice model. material and methods: lps from e. coli o157:h7 was extracted by hot ...

The efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) as an antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agent highly depends on its blood circulation half-life. In our previous study, different conjugates of MTX (MTX-PEG) were synthesized, their physicochemical properties were investigated and MTX-PEG5000 was finally selected as optimum drug-conjugate for further investigations. In the current work, first the stability of MT...

BACKGROUND Routine administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines during the same visit is recommended for children by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). METHODS Evaluate the potentially achievable vaccination coverage for ≥4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (4+DTaP), ≥4 do...

Antibody-fluorophore conjugates have high potential for the specific fluorescence detection of target cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the antibody-fluorophore conjugates described to date are inappropriate for real-time imaging of target cells because removal of unbound antibody is required to reduce background fluorescence before quantifiable analysis by microscopy. In addition, cl...

Most transposons display target site selectivity, inserting preferentially into sites that contain particular features. The bacterial transposon Tn7 possesses the unusual ability to recognize two different classes of target sites. Tn7 inserts into these classes of target sites through two transposition pathways mediated by different combinations of the five Tn7-encoded transposition proteins. I...

We consider inference in a broad class of non-conjugate probabilistic models based on minimising the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the given target density and an approximating ‘variational’ density. In particular, for generalised linear models we describe approximating densities formed from an affine transformation of independently distributed latent variables, this class including many ...

This paper proposes, analyzes, and numerically tests methods to assure the existence of incomplete Cholesky (IC) factorization preconditioners, based solely on the target sparsity pattern for the triangular factor R. If the sparsity pattern has a simple property (called property C+), then the IC factor exists in exact arithmetic. Two algorithms for modifying the target sparsity pattern to have ...

Many cellular processes in living organisms are regulated by complex regulatory networks, built from noncovalent interactions between relatively few proteins that perform their functions switching homo- and heterooligomeric assemblies or mono- bivalent states. Herein, we demonstrate the conjugation of a 4,4'-bipyridinium scaffold to basic region GCN4 bZip transcription factor can be exploited c...

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and ricin A chain are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis that inactivate eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunits. Immunotoxins were prepared by linking monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibodies to PAP and ricin A chain through a disulfide bond. Both the conjugates were shown earlier to specifically inhibit protein synthesis of Thy 1.1-positive target leukemic cells (AKR ...