Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of drinking water sources in Ethiopia and compare the water quality with the health-based target. For this purpose, the water quality database of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) from 2010 to 2016 was used. Methods: The concentration and other properties of the water samples were analyzed according...

BACKGROUND In persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Cryptosporidium parvum causes a prolonged, severe diarrheal illness to which there is no effective treatment, and the risk of developing cryptosporidiosis from drinking tap water in non-outbreak settings remains uncertain. To test the hypothesis that drinking tap water was associated with developing cryptosporidiosis, we cond...

BACKGROUND The eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been identified as endemic areas for cholera transmission, and despite continuous control efforts, they continue to experience regular cholera outbreaks that occasionally spread to the rest of the country. In a region where access to improved water sources is particularly poor, the question of which improvements in wa...

Water is a necessity for life. Currently, because of different contaminations in tap water, most people prefer using bottled mineral waters. Pesticides (e.g., organophophorous, carbamates, etc.) are among the most dangerous chemicals that may be found in drinking waters, which can cause long- and short-term complications. Because all people consume at least 2 L of water per day, water-quality m...

An ovitrap containing hay infusion and a second ovitrap adjacent to it containing a 10% dilution of the infusion in tap water together yielded 8 times more Aedes aegypti eggs than single CDC ovitraps containing tap water. These "enhanced pairs" were significantly more attractive than pairs with other combinations of infusion, water or methyl propionate, and have proven useful for daily monitori...

Three different species of Legionella were recovered from samples of water taken from chlorinated public water supplies where no coliform bacteria were simultaneously detected. Five of 856 samples yielded Legionella isolates. Three isolates were identified as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, the fourth was identified as Legionella dumoffii, and the fifth was identified as Legionella jordanis...

Dear Editors, Burn injury can be fatal, disfiguring and incapacitating. Therefore, well-timed and appropriate management could be more than helpful, which primarily consists of debridement cleaning and dressings. These are important aspects of wound care because they can prevent the formation of eschar, which is a moist and protein-rich avascular substance that encourages microbial growth. Infe...

PURPOSE The optimal delivery medium for esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated pellets dispersed in various concentrations of Ora-Plus suspension through commonly used nasogastric and gastrostomy tubes using a previously used standardized in vitro protocol was studied. METHODS The study was conducted in two phases. In phase A, 60 size 14 French nasogastric tubes were used to compare esomeprazo...

INTRODUCTION Quality drinking water should be free from harmful levels of impurities such as heavy metals and other inorganic elements. METHODS Samples of tap water collected from 24 locations in Peninsular Malaysia were determined for inorganic element content. Minerals and heavy metals were analysed by spectroscopy methods, while non-metal elements were analysed using test kits. RESULTS M...

This paper presents a fluoride health risk characterization approach to identify the hyper-sensitive population of adverse effect like tooth decay, dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. In this context, a sampling campaign has been done over 100 Tunisian water consumption points (tap). Laboratory analysis results show that the quality of drinking water is affected by high fluoride concentrat...