The aim of this work was to verify whether formalin would induce leukocyte recruitment following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in rats. Formalin (1.25 - 2.5%) induced cell recruitment, which was concentration- and time-dependent (0 - 24 h). Two peaks of leukocyte recruitment were observed. The first peak (from 2 to 4 h) was characterized by a mixed polymorphonuclear and lymphocyte cell popul...

We have used multiple-labeling immunohistochemistry, intracellular dye-filling, and intracellular microelectrode recordings to characterize the distribution of tachykinin receptors and substance P boutons on subpopulations of neurons within the guinea pig celiac ganglion. Superfusion of substance P (SP, 1 microM for 1 min) depolarized 42% of tonic neurons and inhibited afterhyperpolarizations i...

Varroa destructor is a well-known ectoparasite of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Amitraz and fluvalinate are highly effective miticides used against V. infestation in colonies A. Though bees more resistant to miticides, there side effects these chemicals on reproduction, olfaction, production bees. We showed negative impact amitraz reproduction colonies. Also, we assumed reduction olfaction by d...

Abstract Memory formation is key for brain functioning. Uncovering the memory mechanisms helping us to better understand neural processes in health and disease. Moreover, more specific treatments fear-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder phobias may help decrease their negative impact on mental health. In this line, Tachykinin 2 (Tac2) pathway central amygdala (CeA) has been ...

The existence of SP was described in the 1930s by Von Euler and Gaddum in mammals, and tachykinin peptides were identified and sequenced by Erspamer in non-vertebrated (eledoisin) and then in nonmammalian species (physalaemin). In the 1960s Lembeck continued Von Euler and Gaddum’s studies, describing the effects of SP and other tachykinins in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral prep...

The authors present an overview of the main amphibian peptide families mainly derived from the skin and mostly discovered by Erspamer and his associates. The studies of the peptides do not only promote the understanding of their chemical, metabolical and physiological features of those molecules in amphibians, but also contribute to progress in our knowledge of the corresponding mammalian count...