Recognition of an avirulent pathogen stimulates an oxidative burst generating O2- and H2O2, and these reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) cue the induction of defense genes and cell death in the development of a restricted lesion. This localized hypersensitive response (HR) is accompanied by the development of systemic acquired resistance to virulent pathogens. Here we show that inoculation of...

background: the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. identification of pathogens and their resistance to antimicrobials is mandatory for successful empiric antibiotic treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospital-acquired and community-acquired infect...

Knowledge about the induced pathogen resistance of plants is rapidly increasing, but little information exists on its dependence on abiotic growing conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana plants that had been cultivated under different nitrogen regimes were treated with BION ® , a chemical resistance elicitor. The activities of three enzyme classes functionally involved in resistance (chitinase, chito...

Four host-coded 'pathogenesis-related' proteins accumulate systemically in locallesion-forming varieties of tobacco after infection with tobacco mosaic virus. It has been suggested that they are involved in the acquired systemic resistance of plants to a second inoculation. Pathogenesis-related protein concentration and amount of resistance (reduction in size and number of lesions formed in the...

Background and Objectives: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of various species among BSIs and SSIs at Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. Methods: Patients with localized or systemic infections that became evident 48 hours or more after...