In this paper, we clarify the applicability of the super operator technique for describing the dissipative quantum dynamics of a system consists of two qubits coupled with a thermal bath at finite temperature. By using super operator technique, we solve the master equation and find the matrix elements of the density operator. Considering the qubits to be initially prepared in a general mixed st...

in this paper, the problem of finite time stabilization for guidance system is investigated and a novel nonlinear guidance law against maneuvering targets is proposed based on the principles of parallel navigation. the proposed law is developed using two variable structure control techniques. by applying finite time integral sliding mode and combining it with terminal sliding mode, a new guidan...

Increasing pressures caused by negative consequences of transportation and traffic problems in major cities, have resulted many attempts towards improvement of planning and management of transportation systems, according to sustainability objectives. In this paper, a comprehensive model is developed using a system dynamics approach to evaluate sustainable urban transportation. This model includ...

It is undeniable that SMEs face many management-related problems. These problems are often deeply rooted in the strategic decision making by managers. One of these decisions is associated with the production section. Many of these companies provide production infrastructure at high costs; however, they are unsuccessful in acquiring their market share. In these circumstances, providing a solutio...

despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. in this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. a real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

facing the issues with structural complexity about which stakeholders have different views, has increasingly led to the use of soft systems methodology (ssm) in solving managerial problems. moreover, the flaws of this methodology in the stages of modeling and feasible, desirable changes, have provided the motivation for applying cognitive map (cm) and system dynamics in the ssm modeling. presen...

The recent global financial crisis once again revealed the harmful effects of interest-based contracts in the conventional financial system. Islamic finance, as an alternative financial system, discourages interest rate and debt financing. This paper investigates the effects of two financial systems, namely the conventional and Islamic systems, on macroeconomic variables. To achieve this goal, ...

An understanding of patient mobility, international patients and medical tourism includes supply and demand side considerations. As well as micro-level reports of motivation and satisfaction we must acknowledge broader system-level dynamics. Exploring these may unearth more complex geographies of patient travel.

Power system stabilizers have been widely used and successfully implemented for the improvement of power system damping. However, a fixed parameter power system stabilizer tends to be sensitive to variations in generator dynamics so that, for operating conditions away from those used for design, the effectiveness of the stabilizer can be greatly impaired. With the advent of microprocessor techn...

in this article, dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was studied, using computational fluid dynamics. using mri images of two special cases, a 2-dimensional model of the ventricular system was made. csf velocity and pressure distribution in ventricular system have high importance since the flow pattern of this liquid has an important effect on intracranial pressure, i.e., icp, which has a...