OBJECTIVE HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa increasingly occurs among people who inject drugs (PWID). Kenya is one of the first to implement a national needle and syringe program. Our study undertook a baseline assessment as part of evaluating needle and syringe program in a seek, test, treat, and retain approach. METHODS Participants enrolled between May and December 2012 from 10 sites. Re...

CASE REPORT A bedbound 62 year old woman attended our department. She had multiple sclerosis and her long term suprapubic catheter was not draining. The catheter balloon would not deflate. The valve mechanism was cut off and a fine guidewire was passed down the balloon’s insufflation passage, but the balloon would still not deflate. The following action was taken. Gentle traction was applied to...

Materials and Methods. Wistar rats weighing 434 to 478 g were anesthetizedith ketamine (87 mg/kg) and xylazine (13 mg/kg) injected intramuscularly. PE-10 polyethylene catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein. The arterial catheter was connected to a blood pressure transducer and systemic arterial blood pressure was continuously imonitored. Buffered evans blue (0.75 ml) was injec...

Harm reduction behind bars: Prison-based needle and syringe programs By Emily van der Meulen and Sandra Ka Hon Chu HIV and hepatitis C are serious public health issues in Canadian prisons. Rates of these infections in federal institutions are considerably higher than in the general population. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) currently provides prisoners with condoms, methadone maintena...

The tumescent technique of liposuction is a modification of the wet technique. A large volume of very dilute epinephrine is infiltrated into a targeted fat compartment prior to liposuction, producing a swelling and firmness. This tumescence of fat permits an increased accuracy in liposuction and minimizes postsurgical irregularities or rippling of the skin. Epinephrineinduced vasoconstriction m...

The post-occipital sinus of the spinal vein is often used for the collection of blood samples from crocodilians. Although this sampling method has been reported for several crocodilian species, the technique and associated anatomy has not been described in detail in any crocodilian, including the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). The anatomy of the cranial neck region was investigated macr...

The incidence of epidural needle-induced post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in parturients following dural puncture with a large bore (18-gauge) needle has been reported to range 76-85%. We describe seven cases in which the performance of epidural anesthesia in parturients was complicated by an unintentional dural puncture with an 18-gauge epidural needle. In all seven cases, the unintentional...

Drug use is an alarming problem in Bangladesh. An estimated 1.7 million people are drug users in the country (1). Injecting drug users present a tremendous potential for an HIV epidemic due to their needle-sharing habits, while non-injecting drug users are also prone to spread/ receive HIV infection through their unsafe sexual behaviour. Several studies have reported needle/syringe-sharing habi...

Needle-free injection devices (NFIDs) have been available for humans since the 1930s. Their implementation in the swine industry has been slow because of the low cost and ease of use of needle-syringe injection. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in needle-free devices in swine due to two main factors: immunology research, indicating that targeting dendritic cells in the skin and the s...