SARS-CoV-2 is the third pathogenic coronavirus to emerge since 2000. Experience from prior outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has demonstrated importance both humoral cellular immunity clinical outcome, precepts that have been recapitulated for SARS-CoV-2. Despite unprecedented rapid development deployment vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, more are needed meet global demand guard immune evasion by n...

Several chronic inhalation bioassays of poorly soluble, nonfibrous particles have resulted in an increased incidence of lung tumors in rats, no increase in lung tumors in Syrian hamsters, and inconsistent results in mice. These results have raised concerns that rats may be more prone than other species to develop persistent pulmonary epithelial hyperplasia, metaplasia, and tumors in response to...

The massive influx of Syrian refugees is galvanizing efforts to reform the mental health system in Lebanon. Rabih El Chammay talks to Fiona Fleck.

The tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) were tested for carcinogenic activity in Syrian golden hamsters. In Assay A, 30 hamsters were each given 19 s.c. injections of 0.048 mmol of NNK or NNN. In Assay B, 20 hamsters each received 75 s.c. injections of 0.012 mmol of NNK or NNN. Among the NNK-treated hamsters in Assay...

Mental health services are becoming more widely available than ever before to the Syrian population in spite of the crisis. Dale Gavlak reports.

Head-to-head comparisons of conventional influenza vaccines with adenovirus (Ad) gene-based vaccines demonstrated that these viral vectors can mediate more potent protection against influenza virus infection in animal models. In most cases, Ad vaccines are engineered to be replication-defective (RD-Ad) vectors. In contrast, replication-competent Ad (RC-Ad) vaccines are markedly more potent but ...

Mar Aba and Paul the Persian, two theologians from Persia, traveled to lived in Constantinople first half of sixth century. During their journey stay, they used were supported by an East Syrian network already existing capital. The present study focuses on Sleepless monks, one key elements this network, connections with Syrian, Greek, Latin worlds, including Leontius Byzantium Cassiodorus.

We previously described synaptic currents between baroreceptor fibers and second-order neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that were larger in Syrian hamsters than in rats. This suggested that although electrical activity throughout the hamster brain decreased as brain temperature declined, the greater synaptic input to its NTS would support continued operation of cardiorespiratory ...

Several hamster strains are commonly used as models for cardiomyopathic phenotypes evolving toward heart failure. However, little is known about heart rate variability (HRV) in this species. Prolonged surface ECG recording, a prerequisite to HRV studies, can be obtained either by telemetry or by restraints. Here, we performed long time ECG recording using telemetry on young adult Syrian hamster...