This paper describes how a modular machine description, which specifies the functionality and the binary representation of an instruction set, can be transformed into a hardware model. This model is built from few generic hardware entities (registers, memories, arithmetic/logic operators, selectors and connections) and may eventually serve as an input to high-level hardware synthesis tools. The...

This paper deals with the problem of speech waveform polarity. As the polarity of speech waveform can influence the performance of pitch marking algorithms (see Sec. 4), a simple method for the speech signal polarity determination is presented in the paper. We call this problem peak/valley decision making, i.e. making of decision whether pitch marks should be placed at peaks (local maxima) or a...

This article analyzes the process of vowel reduction in function words by Brazilian speakers of English as a Foreign Language. It compares information obtained by perceptual verification with those obtained by acoustic verification. The sample is composed by sixteen female speakers of English as a FL and one native speaker of English. Data collection was accomplished through an instrument compo...

A known problem in the area of hardware/software codesign is the selection of the proper interface between the different parts of the design. This paper presents a technique which eases the selection by combining different synthesis techniques together with rapid prototyping. Application field of the technique is the design of communication systems where C and VHDL are generated from a specific...

The Semi-Automatic Digital Designer (SADD) is an experimental interactive knowledge-based design s stem, II whose domain of expertise is digital e ectronics. First, I want The SADD project has two goals. to provide an intermediate digital design problem solver for which a human expert can interactively provide the high-level functional descriptions-of-a circuit and which can take . high-level c...

Recent research on the alignment between F0 “targets” (e.g. maxima and minima) and the segmental string show that F0 targets exhibit “segmental anchoring”, i.e. they co-occur with specific segmental landmarks such as the onset of a stressed syllable. Undoubtedly there are principles of speech production at work in this phenomenon, but the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that phonological...

Naturalness in human speech is dependent on a number of factors and the extent to which a text-to-speech synthesis system can account for these factors in its model will be a measure of its success in the marketplace. As well as the obvious factors of rhythm and intonation there is the more difficult question of modelling the variability in human speech. This paper discusses how SPRUCE [1], a h...

fischer-tropsch synthesis is a promising route for production of light olefins via co hydrogenation over transition metals. co is one of the most active metals for fischer-tropsch synthesis. some different variables such as preparation parameters and operational factors can strongly affect the selectivity of fischer-tropsch synthesis toward the special products. in the case of preparation varia...

phospho sulfonic acid (psa) synthesized as an environmentally safe and efficient solid acid catalyst, and it used for the synthesis of several 2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, 2-substituted benzoxazoles, and 2-substituted quinoxalines in ethanol as a green solvent at ambient temperature is described. (i) a very simple, green and efficient procedure for the synthesis of benzimidazole and also benz...

the aim of this study was to establish and optimise a simplified method of halved grain culture, in order to utilise it to evaluate the ability of isolated sinks (developing wheat grains) in sucrose uptake and conversion (defined by sink strength) under unlimited source conditions. both sucrose uptake and starch synthesis increased linearly over the incubation periods used in this study. a ...