The autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic arm play important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.1–3 Their role in the short-term regulation of blood pressure, especially in responses to transient changes in arterial pressure, via baroreflex mechanisms is well known.4 However, the role of the sympathetic branch in longer-term (days, months, and years) blood pressure regulation has ...

The autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic arm play important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.1–3 Their role in the short-term regulation of blood pressure, especially in responses to transient changes in arterial pressure, via baroreflex mechanisms is well known.4 However, the role of the sympathetic branch in longer-term (days, months, and years) blood pressure regulation has ...

Recent studies suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system either directly or indirectly influences cerebrovascular tone in humans even within the autoregulatory range. In 6 healthy subjects (aged 29+/-4 years), we used transcranial Doppler sonography to determine cerebral blood flow velocity during sympathetic activation elicited through head-up tilt (HUT) and sympathetic deactiv...

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of arterial hypertension. Although insulin may elevate arterial pressure, in part, through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the sites and mechanisms of insulin-induced sympathetic excitation remain uncertain. While sympathoexcitation during insulin may be mediated by the baroreflex, or by modulation of norepi...

The autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system, regulates immune responses, while cytokines produced in the immune system also affect neuronal activities. Stress-induced expression of immediate early genes, such as c-Fos in the brain, and the viral transneuronal labeling using pseudorabies virus make it possible to analyze the neurocircuitry of the stress-related centra...

Autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system both in ensuring optimal function during various activities in healthy individuals and also in mediating several of the manifestations of cardiac diseases [Task Force, 1996]. This system is responsible for rapid regulation of cardiac rhythm and function in order to match cardiac output with the body ...

asomotor tone is a partial contraction for vascular blood vessels under resting condition which allows the central nervous system to respond to several challenges such as hemorrhage, exercise and changes in position (Dampney, Horiuchi, & Tagawa, 2003). The autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system has critical effect on vasomotor tone and heart rate. Sympathetic system...