VAR support should be supplied as close to the load as possible to minimize transmission losses. For voltage control and for improvement of total power factor in a distribution system the circuit- breaker switched capacitor banks can be used. The problems with this solution are the voltage steps caused by the large sizes of the capacitor banks as well as the transients caused on insertion. Thyr...

We solve the coupled mode equations governing the chalcogenide nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) numerically, and obtain the bistability characteristics. The characteristics of the chalcogenide nonlinear FBGs such as: switching threshold intensity, bistability interval and on-off switching ratio are studied. The effects of FBG length and its third order nonlinear refractive index on FBG cha...

This article aims to explain how the knowledge of pragmatics, and in particular literary pragmatics as a new approach, can help translator. More point, it endeavors highlight important part different pragmatic backgrounds represented by active cooperative effort that translator should assume with author, source text, target language so he/she succeed transferring faithfully elements both regist...

A major problem in an isolated DC/DC converters operating at high switching frequencies is the attendant switching losses in the semiconductor devices. This can be reduced by introducing either zero-voltage switching (ZVS) or zero-current switching (ZCS) of the semiconductor switches. This paper deals with the simulation, design, fabrication and experimental evaluation of a novel soft-switching...

Abstract: Four-switch synchronous buck-boost (FSBB) converter is much suitable for battery management system for its characteristic of wide input voltage range, high efficiency, and positive voltage output. A three mode control scheme with two modulation signals and one carrier can be adopted to achieve the smooth transition among modes. Using feed forward voltage mode control, the input voltag...

Abstract This education compares Electro-oxidation of produced H2O created through oil manufacturing using Al and Fe electrodes in photovoltaic batch reactor was designed reflects the degree its tradition such purifying that is a cell as photovoltaic, battery, DC to AC convertor, electric –Fenton. During electro-oxidation processes, various limits operation were tested, i.e., Current, H 2 O , t...