nitrogen is produced mainly from its most abundant source, the air, using three processes: membrane, pressure swing adsorption (psa) and cryogenic. the most common method for evaluating a process is using the selection diagrams based on feasibility studies. since the selection diagrams are presented by different companies, they are biased, and provide unsimilar and even controversial results. i...

objective: the aim of this study was to determine the symptoms associated with menopause among women referred to menopause clinic of tehran women general hospital. materials and methods: in this cross sectional study which has been done between january 2011 and january 2012, in  menopause clinic of tehran women's general hospital 134 women were studied. for each woman a questionnaire was comple...

1. In this, the fifth article in a series to assess changes in posture, hindlimb dynamics, and muscle synergies associated with backward (BWD) quadrupedal walking, we compared the recruitment of three biarticular muscles of the cat's anterior thigh (anterior sartorius, SAa; medial sartorius, SAm; rectus femoris, RF) for forward (FWD) and BWD treadmill walking. Electromyography (EMG) records fro...

The functions of ipsilateral cutaneous reflexes were studied with short trains of stimuli presented pseudorandomly to the superficial peroneal (SP) and tibial nerves during human gait. Electromyograms (EMGs) of tibialis anterior (TA), soleus, lateral and medial gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) muscle were recorded, together with ankle and knee joint angles. Net refl...

The understanding of individual muscle impairments that affect swing phase in stroke gait will lead to better rehabilitation strategies for this population. We used induced acceleration analysis to evaluate the potential each muscle has to accelerate the hip and knee joints of the swing limb, using kinematics from three stroke subjects and five healthy subjects. To determine the influence of al...

It is still widely believed that exaggerated stretch reflexes and increased muscle tone in ankle plantar flexors contribute to reduced ankle joint movement during gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, no study has directly measured stretch reflex activity during gait in these children. We investigated sensory feedback mechanisms during walking in 20 CP children and 41 control chil...

Gait variability is suggested to be a quantifiable measure to evaluate mobility impairments. However, it is unknown whether gait variability could be used as a marker of impaired walking performance post-stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether gait variability measures could be used as walking performance measures post-stroke. Hemiparetic variability was compared t...

Gibbons are able to brachiate effectively through the forest canopy with a suspended swinging motion via contact with handholds. The swing phase is unlikely to be a cause of significant energy loss as pendulums are able to oscillate with only gradual mechanical energy dissipation. We consider the energetics associated with the transition of either a swing (during continuous-contact brachiation)...