there are large areas of the world where seismicity is high while they form the whole or parts of urban conglomeration. iran can be literally compared to a large shaking table; various parts of it have been stricken by earthquake in the last four decades(1). tehran is also expected to have a major earthquake in the near future(2). therefore, urban design criteria for earthquake preparedness i...

housing has been a major challenge for the rising population of countries during last decades and the provision of affordable standard house for low and middle-income households has always been at the forefront of sustainable development strategies and plans, especially in developing countries. besides, the need to high-density housing systems due to rising population has become a central issue...

Throughout the early and mid 1990s, there was widespread faith in the compact city model's ability to provide urban sustainability. However, where compact city policies had been implemented, follow-up studies began to show the predicted benefits did not happen as they should be. The article tries to peruse two opposite approaches of "Urban Sprawl" and "Compact City", with an analytical - cri...

urban management in any context has a different economic, social and political structure, which is in harmony with the existing models of organization. in spite of these differences, in order to reach a sustainable urban development, several different conferences should be referred to. in the “brundtland commission 1987” about urban sustainable development these definitions have been given: “pr...

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introduction urban landscape is experiencing rapid changes which put all urban domains under pressures. these processes revolutionize urban landscape into spaces without ecologic values. the sustainability of green patches and corridors has been scathed by lack of ecological approaches in planning and design. therefore, urban green spaces structures and functions have been damaged. green spaces...

Sustainable development (SD) requires companies to take into account both the social and environmental consequences within their activities. This paper presents research about green supply chain management and highlight the differences between green supply chain and traditional supply chain management. Then, the paper analyses the sources of the risk in green supply chain according to the SD. S...