Low-energy electron microscopy and microprobe diffraction are used to image and characterize corrugation in SiO(2)-supported and suspended exfoliated graphene at nanometer length scales. Diffraction line-shape analysis reveals quantitative differences in surface roughness on length scales below 20 nm which depend on film thickness and interaction with the substrate. Corrugation decreases with i...

The ability to telemetrically measure strain is important in many aspects of daily life which brings important scientific and technological challenges in many sectors such as civil engineering, aircraft modeling, etc..,. Another unrealized, application area is human medicine and healthcare. MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical System) technology for Radio Frequency applications has emerged in recent y...

The Robot Systems Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology has been experimenting for several years with new concepts for robot cranes. These concepts utilize the basic idea of the Stewart Platform parallel link manipulator. The unique feature of the NIST approach is to use cables as the parallel links and to use winches as the actuators. So long as the cables are all in t...

Flow and scour around a vertical cylinder exposed to current are investigated by using a three-dimensional numerical model based on incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The model incorporates (i) k-ω turbulence closure, (ii) vortex-shedding processes, (iii) sediment transport (both bed and suspended load), as well as (iv) bed morphology. The influence of vortex shedding and...

Sediment transport relates to suspended sediment and bedload. The suspended sedi‐ ment plays the most important role on the land-ocen sediment flux. On the other hand, the bedload should be considered in order to assess the impacts of dams on sediment transport and sediment yield. Recent effects of dam construction have been widely reported. The sediment load has been reduced by more than 75% f...

A recently calibrated urban runoff model, the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM), is used to compare the cost-effectiveness of using source area and regional stormwater treatment practices. The demonstration is done for the totally urbanized Lake Wingra watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The goal is to retrofit practices that are able to reduce the annual total suspended solids load by 4...