A process of adaptive divergence for tolerance to high temperatures was identified using a rare model system, consisting of two sympatric populations of a Lepidoptera (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) with different life cycle timings, a 'mutant' population with summer larval development, Leiria SP, and the founder natural population, having winter larval development, Leiria WP. A third, allopatric pop...

In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal responses to stimuli inside the receptive field (RF) are usually suppressed by stimuli in the RF surround. This suppression is orientation specific. Similarly, in human vision surround stimuli can suppress perceived contrast of a central stimulus in an orientation-dependent manner. The surround consists of two regions likely generated by different circuit...

The apparent contrast of a center pattern depends on the contrast of its surround. To examine the suprathreshold perception of moving patterns, we measured the perceived contrast of a moving grating while the direction and speed of the surround patterns varied. Subjects matched the apparent contrast of a center patch embedded in surround patches to that of a patch with no surround pattern. Temp...

objectives: this study aimed to investigate the effect of water-pipe (wp) smoking on hematological parameters of wistar rats. methods: thirty-five young male rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n=7). the control group was exposed to room air and the experimental groups were exposed to wp smoking, using a special apparatus designed to have the ability to keep the rats for 40 ...

water productivity index is one of the main factors in efficient use of water for agricultural products. in this study, the rate of water productivity (wp) in six irrigated tea fields and three rainfed (no irrigation) were assessed by farmer’s management for two years (2009-2010). yield of each tea field in successive harvests, soil moisture monitoring by gravimetric soil and use of water balan...

The kaolin-based particle film Surround has been shown to suppress various insect pests and foliar diseases while reducing canopy temperature and improving water use efficiency in certain agricultural production systems. The usefulness of Surround was examined against important production constraints in peanut, including tomato spotted wilt, leaf spots, and aflatoxin contamination. Field experi...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to measure the correlates, including normative beliefs, associated with waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smoking prevalence and dependence. SETTING A cross-sectional study was carried out using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students in 17 public and private universities. PARTICIPANTS Of the 4900 distributed questionnaires, 3384 (69.1%) wer...

This study investigated the withdrawal periods (WP) of two intramammary antibiotics Cloxamast LC (Intervet SA) and Spectrazol Milking Cow (Schering-Plough Animal Health) in dairy goats and compared them to those recommended for use in cattle. The WP for Cloxamast LC, measured by the Thermo Resistant Inhibitory Substances (TRIS) test, was 60 h in composite samples, 56 h in udder half samples, an...

The acquisition of integrin-directed metastasis-associated (ID-MA) phenotypes by Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells is caused by an upregulation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway (WP). We reported that WP is one of the salient genetic features of TNBC. RAC-GTPases, small G-proteins which transduce signals from cell surface proteins including integrins, have been implicated in tumorigenesi...