With increased availability of satellite data products used in mapping surface energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET), routine ET monitoring at large scales is becoming more feasible. Daily satellite coverage is available, but an essential model input, surface temperature, is at 1 km or greater pixel resolution. At such coarse spatial resolutions, the capability to monitor the impact of lan...

Effective soil temperature Te f f is one of the basic parameters in passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture. At present, dedicated satellite soil moisture monitoring missions use the L-band as the operating frequency. However, Te f f at the L-band is strongly affected by soil moisture and temperature profiles. Recently, a two-layer scheme and a corresponding multilayer form have been ...

To conduct with these land surface parameters inversion using microwave observations in the bare soil surface, it is needed to estimate soil moisture (SM), surface temperature (ST) and surface roughness changes with microwave observations. High-frequency passive microwave radiometer sensitivity of the roughness is very low, traditional ground truth can’t provide an accurate large-scale roughnes...

The diurnal variations in soil-gas helium concentration have been monitored at depths of 0.5-2.0 m in three localities in Colorado, Wyoming, and C•lifornia.'Bar•metric p e•su TM, air temperature, wind speed, soil temperature and moisture, relative humidity, and precipitation were also measured. The helium variation below a 1-m sampling depth usually did not exceed the analytical sensitivity of ...

Vertisols are clay soils that are common in the monsoonal and dry warm regions of the world. One of the characteristics of these soil types is to form deep cracks during periods of extended dry, resulting in significant variation of the soil and hydrologic properties. Understanding the influence of these varying soil properties on the hydrological behavior of the system is of considerable inter...

A set of Essential Climate Variables (ECV) have been defined to be monitored by current and new remote sensing missions. The ECV retrieved at global scale need to be validated in order to provide reliable products to be used in remote sensing applications. For this, test sites are required to use in calibration and validation of the remote sensing approaches in order to improve the ECV retrieva...

[1] Soil surface CO2 efflux is an important component of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of mechanistic controls of soil CO2 production and transport is greatly limited. Amultilayer process-based soil CO2 effluxmodel (PATCIS) wasused to evaluate soilCO2production and transport in theDukeForest.CO2production in the soil is the sum of root respiration and so...

Populations of culturable microbes and activeties of dehydrogenase & β-D glucosidase were found maximum in surface soil and decreased with increase in depth in Sundarban mangrove environment. The maximum (13.529 × 10 C.F.U g dry weight of soil) and minimum (11.547 × 10 C.F.U g dry weight of soil) total microbial populations in surface soil were recorded during post-monsoon and monsoon respectiv...

Using satellite-observed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) method, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation during growing seasons from May to September in the Three-River Source Region, alpine meadow in the QinghaiTibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2006. We found that NDVI in the centre and east of the region, where the...