ABSTRACT- In recent years, intensive drought has caused a severe yield reduction in rain-fed trees. Increasing runoff of low amount rainfall can be used to provide partial water requirement of rain-fed trees. To achieve this objective, some strategies including gravel removal (G), rill construction across to slope (R) and applying of baking soda (S) and their effects on runoff, rainfall infiltr...

Watershed models such as SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) simulate water quality impacts of land and water resource management alternatives. To simulate these impacts, long-term daily rainfall data are necessary. In the absence of measured rainfall data, watershed models use weather generators to simulate rainfall events. The objective of this study is to examine several daily precipitatio...

Estimation of direct runoff volume and peak runoff rates for small rural catchments in Kenya, East Africa, poses a problem in view of the limited gauged data available. The problem can be circumvented by adopting a modelling approach. This, however, does require some base data for model calibration and validation. A highly reliable data base for two small catchments, Sambret (7.02 km) and Lagan...

background : road runoff is a linear diffuse source of pollution, with very specific pollutant characteristics and ability to discharge into the environment. heavy metal pollution in road runoff has caused widespread concern since the last century. therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess fe, pb, and cd concentrations in surface runoff from regions with high traffic intensity in the c...

forest cover is one of the most effective factors in reducing flooding in northern iran, so that in recent years the destruction, land use changing and uncontrolled harvesting of forest areas, has greatly increased the number and magnitude of floods. so far, there have been few studies on forest hydrology in iran, particularly the northern hyrcanian forests. this study examines the impact of a ...

Enrichment of surface waters with excess nutrients is associated with increased algal blooms, euthrophication and hypoxic zones, as reported in the northern Gulf of Mexico. A source of nutrients to surface waters results from fertilizer runoff. Management strategies used to maintain turf on golf courses and recreational fields often include aerification and application of fertilizer. Although r...

This study investigated the potential effect of climate changes on stormwater pollution runoff characteristics and the treatment efficiency of a stormwater retention pond in a 95 ha catchment in Denmark. An integrated dynamic stormwater runoff quality and treatment model was used to simulate two scenarios: one representing the current climate and another representing a future climate scenario w...

The interest in the use of mathematical models for simulation hydrological processes has largely increased especially prediction runoff. It is subject extreme research among engineers and hydrologists. This study attempts to develop a simple conceptual model that reflects features arid environment where availability data scarce. simulates an hourly streamflow hydrograph peak flow rate any given...

Records of discharge of rivers draining Alpine basins with between 0 and 70% ice cover, in the upper Aare and Rhône catchments, Switzerland, for the period 1894–2006 have been examined together with climatic data for 1866–2006, with a view to assessing the effects on runoff from glacierized basins of climatic warming coupled with glacier recession following the Little Ice Age maximum. Annual ru...