Inefficient cellular delivery limits the landscape of macromolecular drugs. Boronic acids readily form boronate esters with the 1,2- and 1,3-diols of saccharides, such as those that coat the surface of mammalian cells. Here pendant boronic acids are shown to enhance the cytosolic delivery of a protein toxin. Thus, boronates are a noncationic carrier that can deliver a polar macromolecule into m...

Shared mental models (SMM) and Transactive memory systems (TMS) have been advocated as the main team learning mechanisms. Despite multiple appeals for collaboration, research in both these fields has progressed in parallel and little effort has been made to integrate these theories. The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between SMM and TMS in a field setting and examine their i...

Developing an effective IT use strategy to achieve its potential is a central concern in organizations. As teams are essential in accomplishing projects and tasks, it becomes relevant to understand the nature of IT use by teams. In this study, we propose a new term, IT capabilities adaptation (ITCA), which represents an emergent view with regard to patterns of successful IT use in teams. By inc...

The spatial Markov model (SMM) is an upscaled Lagrangian model that effectively captures anomalous transport across a diverse range of hydrologic systems. The distinct feature of the SMM relative to other random walk models is that successive steps are correlated. To date, with some notable exceptions, the model has primarily been applied to data from high-resolution numerical simulations and c...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM). DESIGN Retrospective study of diagnostic validation. Setting. An obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) in Brazil. Population. 673 women with SMM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mortality and SOFA score. Methods. Organ failure was evaluated according to maximum score fo...

electrostatic potential as well as the local volume charge density are computed for a macromolecule by solving the poisson-boltzmann equation (pbe) using the finite element method (fem). as a verification, our numerical results for a one dimensional pbe, which corresponds to an infinite-length macromolecule, are compared with the existing analytical solution and good agreement is found. as a ma...