The followings are the level of evidence (LE) and grade recommendation (GR) on pediatric UTI in Asia. Classification according to sites infection (lower versus upper tract), number episode (first recurrent), severity (simple severe), or existence complicating factor (uncomplicated complicated) is useful differentiate children with whether they at risk renal damage not (LE: 2, GR: B). Diagnosis ...

Postscript.-Since this paper was submitted for publication J. D. Fewings, M. J. D. Hanna, J. A. Walsh, and R. F. Whelan (Brit. 7. Pharmacol. 1966, 27, 93) have recorded the results of a plethysmographic study of the effects of ethyl alcohol on the blood vessels of the hands and forearms of healthy subjects. Their observations are similar to those reported above for healthy upper limbs. However,...

An unusual complication of suprapubic puncture for the relief of acute retention of urine in which the aspirating needle got embedded in the middle lobe of the prostate gland is described (JPMA 37: 205, 1987). CASE REPORT A.K., a 55 year old male who had prostatism for 2 years presented in November 1980 at the University of Benm Teaching Hospital with acute retention of urine. The main clinical...

Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) is a procedure performed to manage urinary retention when urethral catheterization is contraindicated or to improve the quality of life in cases such as neurogenic bladder. Although a simple procedure, it is associated with serious complications, increasing the morbidity and mortality. This case study demonstrates a delayed presentation of small bowel ob...

BACKGROUND Intrathecal administration of baclofen by implanted pump reduces rigidity and muscle spasms. Its use specifically to control bladder spasms has not been reported. CASE REPORT A tetraplegic patient developed severe, protracted, bladder spasms, abdominal muscles spasms, and high blood pressure after change of suprapubic catheter; nifedipine, diazepam, and paracetamol did not control ...