Producers submit committed supply functions to a procurement auction, e.g. an electricity auction, before the uncertain demand has been realized. In the Supply Function Equilibrium (SFE), every firm chooses the bid maximizing his expected profit given the bids of the competitors. In case of asymmetric producers with general cost functions, previous work has shown that it is very difficult to fi...

5 We demonstrate how commodity producers can take strategic specula6 tive positions in derivatives markets to soften competition in the spot mar7 ket. In our game, suppliers first choose a portfolio of call options and then 8 compete in supply functions. In equilibrium firms sell forward contracts 9 and buy call options to commit to downward sloping supply functions. Al10 though this strategy i...

– The integration of isolated supply chain functions into a global system and the coordination of multiple functions across the system are two open problems. In this paper we address these problems by organizing the supply chain as a collection of autonomous agents that are able to coordinate their activities through negotiation. The agents generate plans of action towards the achievement of th...

Production and distribution operations are the two most important operational functions in a supply chain. To achieve optimal operational performance in a supply chain, it is critical to integrate these two functions and plan and schedule them jointly in a coordinated way. In this chapter, we focus on integrated models that involve explicitly both production and distribution decisions at the ta...

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In the current world, the debate on the reinstatement and reuse of consumer prod-ucts has become particularly important. Since the supply chain of the closed loop is not only a forward flow but also a reverse one; therefore, companies creating integ-rity between direct and reverse supply chain are successful. The purpose of this study is to develop a new mathematical model for closed loop suppl...

After arguing that in the knowledge acquisition framework experts can not always supply a precise semantics for the linguistic labels they use, we show that negation functions over an ordered set of linguistics labels induce a semantics. We study the semantics induced by classical negation, functions from L to L, and also the one induced by negation functions from L to parts of L.

To investigate the dynamics of tissue oxygen demand and supply during brain functions, we simultaneously recorded Po(2) and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) with an oxygen microelectrode and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively, in rat somatosensory cortex. Electrical hindlimb stimuli were applied for 1, 2, and 5 s to vary the duration of evoked cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMR(O(2))). T...

We consider Cournot models of competition, where market participants choose the quantities they demand or supply. We study the loss of aggregate surplus due to the exercise of market power in Cournot competition, for both oligopsony and oligopoly models. We observe that efficiency loss is generally arbitrarily high in Cournot games, but also prove bounds on efficiency loss in several cases of i...

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) productions from Rhizobium radiobacter T6102 were monitored under various oxygen supply conditions by controlling the agitation speeds, aeration rates, and dissolved oxygen levels. As the results, the CoQ(10) production was enhanced by limited oxygen supply. To investigate whether the CoQ(10) production is associated with its physiological functions of electron carrier ...