Mosaic genome design, considered evidence of horizontal gene transfer, is prominent in T-even phage tail fiber genes involved in host recognition. The possibility of direct gene transfer was assessed through superinfection with two virulent phages T2 and PP01, which caused host recognition shift. Two recombinant phages designated as TPr03 and TPr04 were isolated. PCR-restriction fragment length...

The rapid evolution of drug resistance remains a major obstacle for HIV therapy. The capacity of the virus for recombination is widely believed to facilitate the evolution of drug resistance. Here, we challenge this intuitive view. We develop a population genetic model of HIV replication that incorporates the processes of mutation, cellular superinfection, and recombination. We show that cellul...

Persistent viral infections can render host cells resistant to superinfection with closely related viruses by largely uncharacterized mechanisms. We present evidence for superinfection exclusion in brains of Borna disease virus (BDV)-infected rats and in persistently infected Vero cells, and we suggest that acquired resistance to BDV is due to unbalanced intracellular levels of viral nucleocaps...

An overwhelming number of new agents, including targeted agents with unique mechanisms action, are available in oncology practice today. Along the benefit treatments for patients comes unfamiliarity associated toxicities and learning best methods to minimize side effects. Side effects chemotherapeutic toxic erythema mucositis, common may require cessation treatment if discomfort, superinfection...

In Fig 1, Nayarit and Jalisco were inadvertently reversed. All other references and data for the study sites are correct. Please view the correct Fig 1 here. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

In this paper, we present a general selection-mutation model of evolution on a one-dimensional continuous fitness space. The formulation of our model includes both the classical diffusion approach to mutation process as well as an alternative approach based on an integral operator with a mutation kernel. We show that both approaches produce fundamentally equivalent results. To illustrate the su...

Objective: Viral interference has been demonstrated in different systems, such as the effect of enterovirus infection on live-attenuated oral polio vaccine. In this study, the effect of reovirus which could exist in the human intestinal tract on poliovirus vaccine strains was investigated and could be an important factor to consider in oral polio vaccination. Methods: Cells were infected with r...