Abstract Global climate models are important tools for investigating historical and future responses of snow under change. However, simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) have not been well evaluated in terms temporal change mountain snow, with major error sources remaining unclear. This study synthetically uses long‐term station observations, reanalysis, remote ...

to emphasize those measurements of our local astrophysical laboratory that will best illuminate how these fundamental cosmic entities operate. Moreover, observations to date already indicate that the Saturn system is literally changing before our eyes. We anticipate that even more dramatic transformations in our neighborhood's astrophysical laboratory will be monitored by Cassini's instruments ...

For the hydro power companies it is of major importance to know the magnitude of the spring flood. Hence, the amount of snow is crucial for forecast modelling. In mountainous areas with plenty of snow, the meteorological network is often sparse, and they lack direct observations of the snow pack. Therefore, if it is possible to combine satellite snow cover area information with a hydrologic mod...

Mountain regions have been identi fied as especially vulnerable areas to climate change. Changes in snowfall, glacier retreat and shifts in biodiversity amount and distribution are some examples of the sensitivity of mountain ecosystems. Moreover, in many mountain economies, reliable snow cover plays a key role as an important resource for the winter tourism industry, the main income source and...

We describe and validate an automated model that retrieves subpixel snow-covered area and effective grain size from Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. The model analyzes multiple endmember spectral mixtures with a spectral library of snow, vegetation, rock, and soil. We derive snow spectral endmembers of varying grain size from a radiative transfer model; spectra for...

Controls on the sensitivity of mountain snowpack accumulation to climate warming (lS) are investigated. This is accomplished using two idealized, physically based models of mountain snowfall to simulate snowpack accumulation for the Cascade Mountains under current and warmed climates. Both models are forced from sounding observations. The first model uses the linear theory (LT) model of orograp...