Human skin is constantly directly exposed to the air, solar radiation, environmental pollutants, or other mechanical and chemical insults, which are capable of inducing the generation of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) of our own metabolism. Extrinsic skin damage develops due to several factors: ionizing radiation, severe physical and psychological stress, alcohol intake,...

A recent World Meteorological Organisation report discussed the importance of continued study of the effect of clouds on the solar UV radiation reaching the earths surface. The report mentions that the use of all-sky imagery offers the potential to understand and quantify cloud effects more accurately. There are an increasing number of studies investigating the enhancement of surface solar, UV ...

The number of melanocytic nevi (MN) is an important risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. The present study further investigated the relationship between sun exposure, the incidence of MN, and the prevalence of large acquired MN (>or=5 mm). A cohort of 479 preschool children born in Townsville, Australia was examined for MN in 1991 and a year later. Sun exposure was assessed by questionnaire. The...

Based on observations obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOHO joint observing program for velocity fields in sunspot regions, we have detected 3 min transition region umbral oscillations in NOAA 8156. Simultaneous recordings of O V λ629 and N V λ1238, λ1242 with the SUMER instrument give the spatial distribution of power in the 3 min oscillations, both in intensity and line-of...

Sunscreens reduce the occurrence risk of skin disorders such as sunburn, aging, and cancer through their ability to absorb, reflect, scatter ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This review provides an overview UV filters active ingredients sunscreen products, emphasizing classification structural characteristics. Their photostability, mechanism action radiation absorption, optical properties, regulator...

The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) measurement is based on erythema; mainly caused by Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B). Therefore, SPF more appropriately describes a Sunburn Protection Factor. On the other hand, the awareness for the need of protection against W-A radiation is rising and the claim for W-A or broadband protection can already be seen on sunscreen bottles around the world. Several in v...

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in high doses may have harmful effects on the eye. The sources of UV radiation are the sun, as well as some artificial sources such as UV lamps or voltaic arcs. Chronic exposure to UV can cause damage to the anterior pole of the eye, ranging from minor (pterygium) to serious photokeratitis. In our study, we applied a UV dose of 6.5 J/cm(2) in the wavelength range of 2...

Sunlight-related biological effects such as skin cancer, sunburning, and synthesis of vitamin D in the body have been found to be very low in people in the midregion of Saudi Arabia. The present studies were undertaken to measure the sunburning-carcinogenic ultraviolet light (UV) radiation (UV-B) in natural sunlight in the city of Riyadh (25 degrees north latitude). The average noontime inciden...

Exposure to a variety of environmental factors associated with cancer occurrence varies by social class. These factors include air pollutants (SO2, NO2, total suspended particulates, etc.), toxic waste hazards, and ionizing and other radiation. Heavy environmental pollution has been associated with an increased risk of some cancers and in particular lung cancer. There is limited evidence sugges...

We evaluated nine semi-transparent plastic window-tinting films for their ability to block ultraviolet A (UVA) and infrared (IR) radiation and transmit therapeutic blue light (400-520 nm) for treating jaundiced newborns. For indoor testing, three light sources (TL/52 special blue fluorescent, Black Light UVA and IR heat lamps) were positioned above each film and measured successively using a th...