1. Analysis of nitrogen, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium levels in big brown bat guano throughout much of the summer roosting period was performed. 2. Based on the tenet that low, non-variable levels of an element in feces indicate dietary inadequacy for that element, female big brown bats are routinely and severely stressed for calcium and may become stressed for iron by the en...

Improved efficiency of pruning accelerates the search process and leads to a more time efficient speech recognition system. The goal of this work was to develop a new pruning technique which optimizes the well known probability-based pruning (beam width) by utilization of confidence measurement. We use normalized hypotheses scores to guide the beam width of the pruning process dynamically frame...

1. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on data derived from single 24 h urine collections from 246 male idiopathic calcium stone-formers. 2. The daily urine volume and pH and the exretions of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, creatinine and magnesium were related to the time of year when the urine was collected, and the saturation of urine with calcium oxalate and octocalcium phosp...

The apoplastic pH of intact Forsythiaxintermedia (cv. Lynwood) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants has been manipulated using buffered foliar sprays, and thereby stomatal conductance (g(s)), leaf growth rate, and plant water loss have been controlled. The more alkaline the pH of the foliar spray, the lower the g(s) and/or leaf growth rate subsequently measured. The most alkaline pH that wa...

measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence is noninvasive, highly sensitive, fast and easy way to give important information about the photosynthetic apparatus. chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and kautsky curves of wild oat and wild mustard sprayed by clodinafop and dicamba+2, 4-d respectively was investigated at two green house experiments. the results indicated significant reduction at trend...