Acid-catalyzed condensation of levulinic acid and phenol into high yields of diphenolic acid (>50%) is possible with a combination of sulfonated hyperbranched polymers and thiol promotors, either added as a physical mixture or bound to the polymer by ion-pairing.

A new strategy for the fabrication of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analogs was proposed by copolymerizing the sulfonated unit and the glyco unit, 'splitted' from the sulfated saccharide building blocks of GAGs. The synthetic polymers can promote cell proliferation and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells with the effects even better than those of heparin.

Sulfonated, water-soluble imidazolium and imidazolinium salts were synthesized and the respective Pd-complexes with N,N'-bis(2,6-dialkyl-4-SO(3)(-)-phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene and N,N'-bis(2,6-dialkyl-4-SO(3)(-)-phenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene ligands were applied in aqueous Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl chlorides.

A supramolecular binding occurred between lithium ion encapsulated [60]fullerene (Li(+)@C(60)) and sulfonated tetraphenylporphyrins ([MTPPS](4-) M = H(2) and Zn) in a benzonitrile solution. Photoexcitation of Li(+)@C(60)/[MTPPS](4-) results in formation of a long-lived charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer.

A novel sulfonated poly(4-phenoxypropylbenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) introducing a flexible alkyl chain was synthesized and achieved high proton conductivity even at low humidity (SPP: 0.077 S cm(-1), Nafion 112: 0.029 S cm(-1) at 80 degrees C 50% RH).

Methylenecyclopropylcarbinols treated with sulfonyl chloride and Et(3)N form the sulfonated products in almost quantitative yields, which can be transformed to the corresponding 3-methylenecyclobutyl sulfonates with silica gel chromatography work-up. The rational explanation was proposed on the basis of computational studies.

D Sulfonated Polysulfone/POSS Nanofiber Composite Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells Jonghyun Choi,* Kyung Min Lee, Ryszard Wycisk,** Peter N. Pintauro,** and Patrick T. Mather Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA Syracuse Biomaterials ...

A new polymer acid catalyst, sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole), 5-OH-SHPAO, was prepared for selective cellulose hydrolysis. Its superior catalysis, showing high glucose selectivity at almost full cellulose conversion, is attributed to the presence of an hydroxyl group next to the sulfonic acid, therefore mimicking the separate acid-base pair in the cellulase active site.

A copper-catalyzed arylsulfonylation of N-arylsulfonyl-acrylamides with sulfonylhydrazides through a tandem radical process was developed. This methodology provided an alternative strategy for the synthesis of sulfonated oxindoles by forming C-S, C-N and C-C bonds in a single operation.

Up to now, various empty carbon fullerenes with different magic number "n", such as C10, Cow Cm, Cso,Cis** Cm and so on. have been obtained. The calix[n]arenes are a class of chalice-like rnacrocyclicmolecules that have attracted widespread attention as complex molecules with liquid crystal behaviors.These classes of compounds are cyclic ohgomers synthessid by condensation of a para-alkylated p...