Mud solids entrained in clarified juice have an adverse effect on subsequent sugar curing and may retard refinery filtration rates if occluded in raw sugar crystals. Entrainment may be caused by refractory juices or instability of process control and may itself lead to unstable processing rates due to retarded curing rates and molasses recirculation. The adverse effects may therefore be quite p...

A laboratory-scale membrane filtration cell was constructed to enable direct microscopic observation of microbial cell deposition and release in cross-flow microfiltration. Initial deposition rates determined from microscopic images were interpreted through an interaction force model. Experimentally derived deposition rates and model calculations confirmed that initial cell and particle deposit...

Both sucrose and amino acids accumulate in desiccation-tolerant leaf material of the C(4) resurrection plant, Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger (Poaceae). The present investigation was aimed at examining sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and various metabolic checkpoints involved in the co-ordination of carbon partitioning between these competing pathways during dehydration. In the initial...

Methanol metabolism can play an important role in marine carbon cycling. We made contemporaneous measurements of methanol concentration and consumption rates the northwest Pacific Ocean to constrain pathways dynamics was detected relatively low concentrations (<12–391 nM), likely due rapid biological turnover. Rates oxidation CO2 (0.9–130.5 nmol L−1 day−1) were much higher than those assimilati...

Tidewater glaciers deposit sediment at their terminus, thereby reducing the relative water depth. Reduced water depth can lead to increased glacier stability through decreased rates of iceberg calving, glacier thinning and submarine melting. Here we investigate sedimentation processes at the termini of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen, Svalbard. We mapped the fjord floor bathymetry in August 2009 and ...

Increases in nitrogen (N) deposition affect the nitrification and denitrification processes that are regulated by microorganisms. With aim of understanding what happened to soil rates under N application gradients, we set a field experiment treated with at 6 different (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 g N·m−2·yr−1) 2014. We determined physico-chemical properties, abundances community structures nitrifiers de...

Previous investigations of haemolymph sugar levels in honeybees have reported very different results, probably because different experimental conditions affected the activity levels of the animals. The present study investigated the dependence of haemolymph sugar levels in foraging honeybees on metabolic rate and whether the haemolymph sugar level is regulated. Free-flying foraging bees were tr...