Land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. Decreasing of forest area in the North of Iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. The aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of Land Sat 7 ETM+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

Base-level maps (or “isobase maps”, as originally defined by Filosofov, 1960), express a relationship between valley order and topography. The base-level map can be seen as a “simplified” version of the original topographic surface, from which the “noise” of the low-order stream erosion was removed. This method is able to identify areas with possible tectonic influence even within lithologicall...

Multiple adjacent, roughly mirror-image topographic maps are commonly observed in the sensory neocortex of many species. The cortical regions occupied by these maps are generally believed to be determined initially by genetically controlled chemical markers during development, with thalamocortical afferent activity subsequently exerting a progressively increasing influence over time. Here we us...

land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. decreasing of forest area in the north of iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. the aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of land sat 7 etm+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

Topographic maps such as the self-organizing map (SOM) or neural gas (NG) constitute powerful data mining techniques that allow simultaneously clustering data and inferring their topological structure, such that additional features, for example, browsing, become available. Both methods have been introduced for vectorial data sets; they require a classical feature encoding of information. Often ...

the mahabad river watershed has been exposed to severe erosion as a result of landuse change. the aim of this study is to quantify the amount of sediment yield and the relationship between land use change and slope. different sources such as geologic and topographic maps, satellite images, hydrometric as well as meteorological data were used to extract and gather the information needed for this...