In this paper, we describe the nonlinear outcome of spiral shocks in protoplan-etary disks. Spiral shocks, for most protoplanetary disk conditions, create a loss of vertical force balance in the post-shock region and result in rapid expansion of the gas perpendicular to the disk midplane. This expansion has characteristics similar to hydraulic-jumps, which occur in incompressible fluids. We pre...

Hayashi, M. and Quinton, W. L. 2004. A constant-head well permeameter method for measuring field-saturated hydraulic conductivity above an impermeable layer. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 255–264. Hydrologic understanding of mountainous and northern regions of Canada is poor owing to the lack of critical field data such as hydraulic conductivity. A portable field instrument, the Guelph permeameter (GP)...

Intense turbulence develops in the two-phase flow region of hydraulic jump, with a broad range of turbulent length and time scales. Detailed air–water flow measurements using intrusive phase-detection probes enabled turbulence characterisation of the bubbly flow, although the phenomenon is not a truly random process because of the existence of low-frequency, pseudo-periodic fluctuating motion i...

Abstract A hydraulic-stepped spillway was designed using an aeration basin to provide aerated flow the stepped utilizing a hydraulic jump. However, through entrance of might separate from first step top and impact downstream steps at large unit discharge, causing so-called jet flow. new experimental study conducted better understand in hydraulic-jump-stepped with comparisons conventional spillw...

Aquatic vegetation in rivers often modifies hydraulic resistance and can enhance seasonally occurring flooding. To which extent a plant constitutes an obstacle in the flow is strongly influenced by its biomechanical traits which determine the ability of plants to reconfigure in the flow, i.e. to adopt a shape that minimizes drag forces and hence to smooth the flow dynamics in and around submerg...

Submerged recirculating jet mixing systems are an efficient and economical method of agitating large tanks with a high hydraulic residence time. Much work has been carried out in developing design correlations to aid the predictions of the mixing time in such systems, with the first such correlation being developed nearly 70 years ago. In most of these correlations, the mixing time depends dire...

Hydraulic jumps at the tail end of spillways are usually induced by baffle blocks or other obstacles. Such jumps can also be induced by jets that oppose the main flow. Another application is to back up turbidity currents in reservoirs by means of opposing jets. This measure can be adopted when transfer tunnels feed water into the reservoir at a higher elevation near the dam. Stopping the turbid...