increased nitric oxide (no) formation is mechanistically linked to pathophysiology of the extrahepatic complications of cirrhosis. no is formed by either enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways. enzymatic production is catalyzed by no synthase (nos) while entero-salivary circulation of nitrate and nitrite is linked to non-enzymatic formation of no under acidic ph in the stomach. there is no data on...

Sublingual gland sialolithiasis is rare and may be misdiagnosed as submandibular gland sialolithiasis, which is more common. It is important to preoperatively determine which gland is involved, because they require different surgical approaches. Computed tomography is useful for distinguishing between sublingual gland and submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Here we present a case of sublingual ...

A 12-year-old boy reported that a mass in his left jaw had been growing slowly for 8 months. Axial and coronal contrast-enhanced spiral CT showed a 5-cm cystic mass within an enhancing, mildly enlarged submandibular gland. Excisional biopsy revealed a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma of the left submandibular gland, very rare in children.

Superiorly – Skull base Inferiorly – Greater cornu of hyoid and Submandibular gland fascia Laterally – Ascending ramus of mandible Medially – Superior constrictor muscle and pharyngobasilar fascia with tonsillar fossa Anteriorly – Interpterygoids and buccinators fascia, tail of Submandibular gland Posteriorly – Vertebral column, paravertebral muscles. Posterolaterally – Parotid fascia, posterio...

OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided and non-US-guided botulinum toxin (BTX) injection into the salivary glands (parotid and submandibular glands) of cadavers. METHODS Two rehabilitation physician injected dye into three sites in the salivary glands (two sites in the parotid gland and one site in the submandibular gland) on one side of each cadaver (one was injected on ...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined use of linear-array and intracavity high-frequency transducers in submandibular gland sialolithiasis. This retrospective study involved 77 cases with surgically confirmed submandibular gland sialolithiasis. All patients underwent high-frequency ultrasound with linear-array and intracavity transducers before surgery. Subma...

In this study, we elucidated some characteristics of soluble sialidases in the rat salivary glands, brain, liver and kidney. 1) Soluble sialidases in the submandibular and parotid glands were inactivated by about 75 and 60%, respectively, and the enzymes in the brain, liver and kidney were also inactivated by 16-48%, when preincubated at 40•Ž for 1h. When preincubated at 60•Ž, the enzymes in al...

Autologous submandibular gland transplantation is an effective treatment for severe dry eye syndrome. However, the protein secretion in transplanted gland is altered by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) and β2-AR expression and the phosphorylation of the downstream molecule protein kinase A (PKA) were elevated in transplanted ...

Stem cell-based regenerative therapy is a promising treatment for head and neck cancer patients that suffer from chronic dry mouth (xerostomia) due to salivary gland injury from radiation therapy. Current xerostomia therapies only provide temporary symptom relief, while permanent restoration of salivary function is not currently feasible. Here, we identified and characterized a stem cell popula...

Rationale: Schwannomas are solitary neurogenic tumors that arise from cells of the neural sheath. Ancient schwannoma is a relatively rare variant of schwannoma, characterized by increased cellularity and atypia. These cellular changes could be confusing and make the accurate pathologic diagnosis difficult. Patient concerns and diagnoses: A 36-year-old man presented with painless swelling in lef...