The genus Culicoides includes vectors of important animal diseases such as bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus (BTV and SBV). This genus includes 1300 species classified in 32 subgenera and 38 unclassified species. However, the phylogenetic relationships between different subgenera of Culicoides have never been studied. Phylogenetic analyses of 42 species belonging to 12 subgenera and 8 ungroupe...

We sequenced seven cpDNA regions from 70 spp. in Dodecatheon, Primula subgenus Auriculastrum, and outgroups, reconstructed their cpDNA phylogeny with maximum parsimony, and determined branch support with bootstrap frequencies and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Strongly supported conclusions include the (1) paraphyly of Primula subgenus Auriculastrum with respect to a monophyletic Dodecatheon...

Adamaeus Norton, 1978 and Paradamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957, two subgenera of genus Damaeus C. L. Koch, 1835, are reviewed on the basis of the redescription of their type species. Subgenus Eudamaeus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 and genus Tectodamaeus Aoki, 1984 are reviewed and their relation to Damaeus is discussed. Damaeus firmus Kunst, 1957 is redescribed and placed into the nominate subgenus. Dam...

Distinguishing individual Russula species has been difficult due to extensive phenotypic plasticity and obscure morphological and anatomical discontinuities. Due to highly similar macroscopic features, such as the presence of a red-cap, species identification within the Russula subgenus Amoenula is particularly difficult. Three species of the subgenus Amoneula have been reported in Korea. We us...

The species of the Deltochilum subgenus Aganhyboma, endemic to Central and South America, are reviewed. The species have been divided into complexes, with a brief diagnosis presented for each. A key for identification of 26 currently recognized species is provided in English and Portuguese. Two major groups within the subgenus are recognized (trisignatum and valgum). The first is represented by...

Drosophilidae (Diptera) is a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies. Here, we present a combined analysis phylogeny of Drosophilinae, one of the two subfamilies of Drosophilidae, based on data from six different data partitions, including both molecular and morphological characters. Although our data show support for the monophyly of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae, and the subgenus Sophophora, neith...

Surveys of pupae and larvae of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) were carried out in Thua Thien Hue Province of central Vietnam, and Lam Dong Province of southern Vietnam in 2014. A total of 26 species belonging to the genus Simulium were collected, consisting of eight known species, one newly recorded species, and 17 new species (of which three species of the subgenus Nevermannia were describe...

Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni is the Leishmania species that presents the most distinct biological (morphology, growth in axenic culture medium), biochemical (enzymatic electrophoresis profile), and molecular biology characteristics, when compared to other species of the Viannia subgenus. Development of promastigote forms of this parasite attached to the wall of the pyloric and hind gut regions...

Discovery of new specimens of Crateromorpha (Neopsacas), which are attributed to new species, from the Pacific, Antarctic and Indian Oceans and the description of new specimen also from the Atlantic Ocean allow us to review the skeletal characters regarding the dermal-hypodermal-atrial-hypoatrial spicule composition in various species of subgenus C. (Neopsacas). A new diagnosis of this taxon is...