BACKGROUND Reducing patients' pain is one of the main goals of providing clinical services, which requires nursing skill. As a simple technique, increasing the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection may affect the intensity of pain and bruising. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing the heparin injection time on pain intensity and bruising associated with ...

The efficacy of subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculation of heartwater infective blood or nymph suspensions was tested in 5 experiments involving a total of 199 sheep. The success rate of subcutaneous injections varied greatly (0-100%) in the different groups. However, it was found that certain additives to the inoculum, such as dimethyl sulphoxide or uninfective brain tissue...

Immunisation experiments are performed on a large scale in laboratory animals e.g. for the production of antibodies. Depending on the immunisation protocol, severe discomfort may be induced. In several countries, guidelines for the immunisation of laboratory animals were drafted to refine immunisation protocols. One of the aspects that effects the immune response as well as the side effects is ...

For many years after the introduction of insulin the recommended injection technique was to raise a skin fold and insert the needle at an angle of 45°. With the advent of shorter 12-13 mm needles these two instructions were no longer thought necessary; the belief was that a full depth perpendicular injection would allow consistent deposition of insulin into subcutaneous adipose tissue.' This te...

Rickettsia mooseri infection initiated by subcutaneous injection has been studied in BALB/c mice with the objective of developing a model for the study of immune mechanisms. Characterization of infection included the following: measurement of the replication, dissemination, and clearance of rickettsiae; measurement of correlates of the immune response, including humoral antibody, hypersensitivi...

Living B. aertrycke were effective in place of aertrycke filtrate as either the preparatory or the provocative injection in the production of a positive Shwartzman reaction. When living B. aertrycke were injected subcutaneously a more severe inflammation resulted, organization was delayed, and more living organisms survived at the site of inoculation in rabbits that had received 24 hours later ...

Although injection-site granulomas caused by leuprorelin acetate have been reported, there have been no reports of granulomas caused by both leuprorelin acetate and goserelin acetate. An 81-year-old man presented with subcutaneous nodules of the abdominal wall and upper arm, where 11.25 mg of leuprorelin acetate had been injected for the treatment of prostate cancer. Because of these nodules, t...

BACKGROUND This study examined the influence of hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinking technology on the ultrasound and histologic behavior of HA fillers designed for subcutaneous injection. METHODS One subject received subcutaneous injections of 0.25 ml Cohesive Polydensified Matrix (CPM) and Vycross volumizing HA in tissue scheduled for abdominoplasty by bolus and retrograde fanning techniques. ...

Background Subcutaneous vaccination or desensitization may induce persistent nodules at the injection sites. Without knowledge of prior injection, histopathological work-up be challenging. Objective Aim this study was to contribute unclear subcutaneous nodules, especially their differentiation from cutaneous lymphoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and slides four patients wi...