A growing body of evidence suggests that hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, either as overt or subclinical states, are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Except for the increased prevalence of lipid disorders, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension have been proposed as the most plausible p...

Thyroid hormone excess due to any cause is state of thyrotoxicosis, whereas hyperthyroidism is a state of thyroid hormone excess due to hyperfunctioning of thyroid gland. The major causes of thyrotoxicosis include Graves’ disease, solitary toxic adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter. In thyrotoxicosis, free hormone levels are invariably increased. The reverse is not true in that increased free...

OBJECTIVE Subclinical hypothyroidism is an elevation in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) while having normal serum free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3) levels. The purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the pulmonary function of patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism, both before and after treatment with thyroid hormone. METHODS This stud...

Objectives: Thyroid problems are one of the endocrine conditions that affect pregnant women most frequently. It is now widely acknowledged both overt and subclinical thyroid can have a negative impact on obstetrical neonatal outcomes. Surprisingly, there aren't many statistics from India regarding prevalence disease during pregnancy. The purpose this study to ascertain frequency dysfunction in ...

Objectives: To establish the prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in a tertiary care center Bangladesh. Methodology: 749 cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who reported to antenatal clinic. Later 121 excluded as they already diagnosed disorder. The rest investigated for stimulating hormone (TSH) if required then also free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrox...

the ideal approach for adequate management of subclinical hyperthyroidism (low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone [tsh] and normal thyroid hormone level) is a matter of intense debate among endocrinologists. the prevalence of low serum tsh levels ranges between 0.5% in children and 15% in the elderly population. mild subclinical hyperthyroidism is more common than severe subclinical hyperthy...

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hyperandrogenic disorder among women and is often defined as hyperandrogenic syndrome. These patients are at risk for oligo/amenorrhea, chronic anovulation, infertility, obesity, spontaneous abortion, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and metabolic syndrome. Thyroid disorders especially hypothyroidism is more common in these peop...

BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play an important role in lipid metabolism. Overt hypothyroidism is known to be associated with increased lipid profiles, but the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on lipid profile remains controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the association between thyroid disorders and serum lipid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study...

Changes in circulating concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) participate in the overall readjustment of the hormonal status that occur with aging [1, 2]. While this phenomenon may be considered a characteristic of the aging processes, there is no doubt that well-defined thyroid dysfunctions, especially of subclinical type, are more frequently ...

Background Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are commonly encountered in clinical practice. General practitioners have a central role the long-term management of these conditions. Objective The aim this review is to provide an overview causes thyroid function disorders guidance on management. Discussion Optimal hypothyroidism relies understanding potential risks benefits therapy versus observa...