one of the characteristics of pecuniary claims at the time of submitting the lawsuit is obligation of the plaintiff to mention the value of relief sought. the amount of relief sought plays a key role in the lawsuit which determines the competent court, the possibility of appeals. basically, the value of relief is determined by the plaintiff which may be protested by the defendant. this protest ...

On page 1407, Decker and colleagues trick HIV into exposing itself. This trick revealed that a majority of infected individuals have broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against HIV in their circulation. Antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV have been difficult to find, despite decades of searching. Several gp120-specific neutralizing anti-bodies have been cloned. Some of ...

We report on the first direct measurement of the change of the surface stress in the reconstruction of the Au(111) and the Au(100) surfaces. For both surfaces the reconstruction relaxes the intrinsic tensile stress, by 22% and 5%, respectively. A discussion of the data on the Au(111) surface in the FrenkelKontorova model shows that the energy gain due to the surface stress is not quite large en...

A ftcr the tragedies of September 11, the Public Relat ions Society of America (PRSA) asked its 20 ,000 members how public relations professionals could best help the country. Thousands responded, and their top recommendation was to help the Red Cross help Americans. "Recause the Red (joss is always at the center of disaster-relief efforts and public relations professionals often play essential...

Humanitarian organizations pre-position relief items in pre-disaster and distribute them to the affected areas in post-disaster. Improper planning of emergency operations causes more deaths in post-disaster. In this paper, the problem of relief item pre-positioning and multi-period distribution planning is addressed considering lateral transhipment among distribution centres to improve the effi...

Humanitarian relief work is a growing field characterized by ongoing exposure to primary and secondary trauma, which has implications for workers' occupational mental health. This paper reviews and summarizes research to date on mental health effects of relief work. Twelve studies on relief workers and 5 studies on organizations that employ relief workers are examined to determine whether relie...