As with many products, the building code regulates the use of wood in construction. Two broad categories separate materials: combustible and noncombustible. Codes limit the application of combustible materials on the basis of fire and life safety. The question then is, ‘‘Are there options available in the 2009 International Building Code for using wood in structural applications in lieu of nonc...

retrofitting structures is an important issue. structural weakness may be due to changes in design codes or defects in implementation. adding structural floors to the existing structures may also lead to the need for strengthening and retrofitting. retrofitting is possible before the earthquake or may take place as rehabilitation of damaged members after earthquake. elements such as columns in ...

Weakly Structured Error Correcting Codes in Rank Metric and their Application to Cryptography The most commonly used encryption techniques in cryptography are based on problems in number theory. Despite their efficiency, they are vulnerable to post-quantum cryptographic attack. Therefore it is relevant to study other types of cryptosystems. In this work we study errorcorrector codes based crypt...

The use of multidisciplinary optimization techniques in aerospace vehicle design often is limited because of the signi cant computational expense incurred in the analysis of the vehicle and its many systems In response to this di culty a variable complexity modeling approach involving the use of re ned and computationally expensive models together with simple and computationally inexpensive mod...

This paper studies the properties of a new class of codes introduced recently (and currently being used) in the context of digital system test compaction [12]. These codes, named X-codes after the “X” symbol used to denote unknown logic values in digital systems, address the problem of detecting errors in the presence of unknowns. Specifically, an X-code produces a hash (or signature) over a se...

A monophasic sample of Ag2MnSn3S8 has been prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of the constituent metals and sulfur in evacuated silica tubes at 670° C. Structural analysis of Ag2MnSn3S8 using Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data shows that it crystallizes in the Fd3%m space group with a — 10:6984ð2Þ A. Magnetization measurements in the temperature range 5300 K indicate p...

Structural engineers use design codes formulated to consider uncertainty for both reinforced concrete and structural steel design. For a simple one-bay structural steel frame, we survey typical uncertainties and compute an interval solution for displacements and forces. The naive solutions have large over-estimations, so we explore the Mullen-Muhanna element-by-element strategy, scaling, and co...

To provide information security in network we use the public key GPT (Gabidulin–Paramonov–Tretiyakov) cryptosystem based on rank codes. This cryptosystem was the subject of several attacks. Some of them were structural attacks, others were decoding attacks. In our opinion the most dangerous are structural attacks because decoding attacks can be prevented by proper choice of parameters. To preve...

The main goal of the structural optimization is to minimize the weight of structure or the vertical deflection of loaded joint while satisfying all design requirements imposed by design codes. In general fuzzy sets are used to analyze the fuzzy structural optimization. In this paper, a planer truss structural model in intuitionistic fuzzy environment has been developed. This paper proposes an i...