In the last decade, significant progress has been made in estimating Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) by passive remote sensing techniques that exploit the oxygen absorption spectral regions. Although the O2–B and the deep O2–A absorption bands present a high sensitivity to detect SIF, these regions are also largely influenced by atmospheric effects. Therefore, an accurate Atmospher...

A concurrent multigrid method is devised for the direct estimation of stress intensity factors (SIF) and higher order coefficients of the elastic crack tip asymptotic field. The proposed method bridges three characteristic length scales that can be present in fracture mechanics: the structure, the crack and the singularity at the crack tip. For each of them, a relevant model is proposed. First,...

Eleven simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) were designed using a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. The DoE SIF covered range compositions fasted state human fluid (FaHIF) with regard to pH, bile salt (BS), and phospholipid (PL). Using the model compound danazol, apparent crystalline solubility (aCS) amorphous (aAS), as well supersaturation propensity was determined in media. aCS danazol depend...

Fatigue crack growth has been observed recently in ferroelectrics under cyclic electric loading[ Does the crack grow by electric breakdown\ or by the stress _eld near the crack tip< The present paper provides a mechanistic explanation for the electric!_eld!induced fatigue crack growth[ The non!uniform electric _eld near an insulated crack tip might cause domain switching which in turn produces ...

The initial stage of fretting fatigue crack growth is significantly influenced by tangential force induced by fretting action along the contact surface where a mixed-mode crack growth is involved. Fretting crack behavior of aluminum alloy 2024 was studied, taking into account the problem of contact asperities. Finite element was used for the determination of the stress field near the contact su...

Sympathetic ganglia contain 2 adrenergic derivatives of the neural crest: principal neurons and small, intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. The developmental mechanisms responsible for the generation of these 2 cell classes in vivo are not well understood. To examine the possible developmental and lineage relationships between differentiating principal neurons and SIF cells, a fluorescence micros...

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has shown potential in quantifying plant responses to environmental changes by which abiotic drivers are dominated. However, SIF is a mixed signal influenced factors such as leaf physiology, canopy structure, and sun-sensor geometry. Whether the physiological information contained can better quantify crop disease stresses dominated biological drivers, ...

Abstract The general solutions of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for a cusp-type crack problem under remote uniform mechanical and thermal loads are presented in this work. According to complex variable theory method conformal mapping, symmetric airfoil is mapped onto unit circle, both temperature potentials used solve relevant boundary-value problems. By introducing auxiliary function app...

Differentiation of African trypanosomes from replicating slender bloodstream forms to nondividing stumpy forms limits the parasite population size, allowing survival of the mammalian host and establishment of a stable host-parasite relationship. Using a novel in vitro culture system we have shown that slender to stumpy differentiation is induced by parasite density alone and thus is independent...