In recent years many transformations have occurred in Iranian society and women and girls still have a lot of worries about comes to urban public spaces. Also, due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of public space in traditional Islamic cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the Kurdish cities, the main problem of this paper is how we can define a participatory approach to improve...

Environmental factors have both direct and indirect impacts on crime behavior decision making. This study aimed to examine what degree the occurrences of violent crimes can be affected by social built environment over space. Although a few studies attempted model rate using spatial regression models, there is lack comparison models. Particularly, eigenvector filtering type models has reportedly...

In this paper, we obtain the upper and lower bounds on the eccen- tricity connectivity index of unicyclic graphs with perfect matchings. Also we give some lower bounds on the eccentric connectivity index of unicyclic graphs with given matching numbers.

In this paper we present explicit formulas for the eccentric connectivity index of three classes of chain hexagonal cacti. Further, it is shown that the extremal chain hexagonal cacti with respect to the eccentric connectivity index belong to one of the considered types. Some open problems and possible directions of further research are mentioned in the concluding section.

OBJECTIVE Commuting provides opportunities for regular physical activity which can reduce the risk of chronic disease. Commuters' mode of travel may be shaped by their environment, but understanding of which specific environmental characteristics are most important and might form targets for intervention is limited. This study investigated associations between mode choice and a range of objecti...

BACKGROUND The development of reliable and culturally sensitive measures of attributes of the built and social environment is necessary for accurate analysis of environmental correlates of physical activity in low-income countries, that can inform international evidence-based policies and interventions in the worldwide prevention of physical inactivity epidemics. This study systematically adapt...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to delineate the association between residents' perception of the neighborhood's environments and walking time in objectively different regions in Japan. METHODS Two regions were selected as high and low walkable regions on the basis of differences in their residential density, mixed land use and street connectivity. The subjects in this study were parti...

OBJECTIVES This study examined cross-sectional and 2-year prospective associations of perceived and objectively measured environmental attributes with screen time among middle-aged Japanese adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nerima and Kanuma cities of Japan. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from adults aged 40-69 years living in two cities of Japan in 2011 (baseline: n=1011...